Accreditations
Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology (CIES-Iscte)
PhD Management
Building 4, room 329
doutoramentos.cies@iscte-iul.pt
(+351) 210 464 195
monday to friday, 10:00 - 13:00 / 14:00 - 18:00
Programme Structure for 2025/2026
| Curricular Courses | Credits | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Year | ||
|
Research Seminar in Communication Sciences
18.0 ECTS
|
Parte Escolar > Mandatory Courses | 18.0 |
|
Research in Communication Sciences
6.0 ECTS
|
Parte Escolar > Mandatory Courses | 6.0 |
|
Advanced Methods in Communication Sciences
6.0 ECTS
|
Parte Escolar > Mandatory Courses | 6.0 |
|
Internet Studies
6.0 ECTS
|
Parte Escolar > Mandatory Courses | 6.0 |
|
Media and Socio-Cultural Mediations
6.0 ECTS
|
Parte Escolar > Mandatory Courses | 6.0 |
|
Strategic Communication
6.0 ECTS
|
Parte Escolar > Mandatory Courses | 6.0 |
|
2nd Cycle Internship
6.0 ECTS
|
Parte Escolar > Optional Courses | 6.0 |
| 2nd Year | ||
|
Phd Thesis in Communication
120.0 ECTS
|
Phd Thesis in Communication (120 Ects) | 120.0 |
Research Seminar in Communication Sciences
Students who successfully complete this course will be able to:
LO1. Identify the requirements and main components of a research project in the field of communication sciences, with demanding academic parameters in terms of quality and ethics;
LO2. Design a doctoral thesis project in communication sciences that contributes to the advancement of knowledge on social, economic, political and cultural phenomena, based on the study of communication and/or the theoretical and methodological tools of communication sciences, such as digital methods, at a level that is susceptible to scientific publication;
LO3. Plan the development of the research in a way that is consistent, feasible and adjusted to the period of time available for the completion of the doctoral thesis.
CP1. Research in communication sciences: objectives, methods and results.
CP2. Scientific research projects, integration into research centres, scientific publication.
CP3. Types of research and research strategies. Theory and empirical research. Problems of operationalisation. Familiarisation and distancing: problems of interference. Auxiliary research theories. Levels of analysis. Modes of inference. Modes of explanation.
CP4. Ethical issues in communication science research.
CP5. Research design and components of the research project.
Assessment focuses on:
i) participation in the seminar;
ii) the preparation of a research project for a doctoral thesis, presented in a written document according to the FCT model.
Title: Cardoso, Gustavo (2023). A Comunicação da Comunicação. As Pessoas são a Mensagem. Mundos Sociais.
Castells, M. (2023). The Network Society Revisited. American Behavioral Scientist, 67(7). 940-946. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221092803
Eco, U. (2021) ‘Hard and Soft Communication’, Observatorio (OBS*), 15(2). doi: 10.15847/obsOBS15220212010.
McQuail, D. & Deuze, M. (2020). McQuail’s Media & Mass Communication Theory (seventh edition). London: SAGE.
Paquete de Oliveira, J.M. (2017) ‘A comunicação numa perspectiva sociológica’. In: Cardoso, G. (ed.) Comunicação e quotidiano: textos e intervenções (1983-2016). Lisboa: Tinta-da-China.
Winston, B. (1998) Media technology and society: a history: from the telegraph to the internet. Oxford: Routledge.
Winston, B. (2002) ‘Towards Tabloidization? Glasgow revisited, 1975-2001’, Journalism Studies, 3:1, 5-20. doi: 10.1080/14616700120107301.
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Title: ‘Truth and Power : an interview with Michel Foucault’ (1979) Critique of Anthropology, 4(13–14), pp. 131–137. doi: 10.1177/0308275X7900401311.
Abbate, J. (1999) Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Abed, Y. & Chavan, M. (2019) ‘The Challenges of Institutional Distance: Data Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing’, Science, Technology and Society, 24(1), pp. 161–181. doi: 10.1177/0971721818806088.
Abiteboul, S. and Dowek, G. (2020) The Age of Algorithms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Acland, C. R. (2019). The crack in the electric window. In: Monteiro, S. (ed.) (2019) The screen media reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Agger, B. (2012). Oversharing: Presentations of Self in the Internet Age. Oxford: Routledge.
Aitamurto, T. et al. (2022) ‘Examining augmented reality in journalism: Presence, knowledge gain, and perceived visual authenticity’, New Media & Society, 24(6), pp. 1281–1302. doi: 10.1177/1461444820951925.
Albert, M. & Kleinman, D. (2011) 'Bringing Pierre Bourdieu to Science and Technology Studies', Minerva, 49(3), pp. 263-273. doi: 10.1007/s11024-011-9174-2.
Alencar, A. & Kruikemeier, S. (2018) ‘Audiovisual infotainment in European news: A comparative content analysis of Dutch, Spanish, and Irish television news programs’, Journalism, 19(11), pp. 1534–1551. doi: 10.1177/1464884916671332.
Ali, M. et al. (2019) ‘Discrimination through Optimization: How Facebook's Ad Delivery Can Lead to Biased Outcomes’, Proc. ACM Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW, Article 199 (November 2019). doi: 10.1145/335930.
Allcott, H. & Gentzkow, M. (2017) ‘Social media and fake news in the 2016 election’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), pp.211–236. doi: 10.1257/jep.31.2.211.
Allport, F. H. (1937) ‘Toward a Science of Public Opinion’, Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 1937, Pages 7–23. doi: 10.1086/265034.
Altay, S., Hacquin, A.-S. & Mercier, H. (2022) ‘Why do so few people share fake news? It hurts their reputation’, New Media & Society, 24(6), pp. 1303–1324. doi: 10.1177/1461444820969893.
Alterman, E. (1999) Sound and Fury: The Making of the Punditocracy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Amaral, A. da R. & Souza, R. V. (2013) ´User resistance and repurposing: a look at the iOS jailbreaking scene in Brazil’, AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research, 3. Available at: https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/spir/article/view/9089
Amoore, L. (2018) ‘Cloud geographies: Computing, data, sovereignty’, Progress in Human Geography, 42(1), pp. 4–24. doi: 10.1177/0309132516662147.
Amoore, L. & Piotukh, V. (ed.) (2016) Algorithmic Life Calculative Devices in the Age of Big Data. Oxford: Routledge.
An, J., Quercia, D. & Crowcroft, J. (2014) ‘Partisan sharing: Facebook evidence and societal consequences’ in Proceedings of the second ACM conference on Online Social Networks, pp. 13-24. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2660460.2660469.
Andersen, J. & Søe, S. O. (2020) ‘Communicative actions we live by: The problem with fact-checking, tagging or flagging fake news – the case of Facebook’, European Journal of Communication, 35(2), pp. 126–139. doi: 10.1177/0267323119894489.
Anderson, C. (2013) ‘Towards a sociology of computational and algorithmic journalism’, New Media & Society, 15(7), pp. 1005–1021. doi: 10.1177/1461444812465137.
Anderson, S. P. & Gabszewicz, J. J. (2006). The Media and Advertising: A Tale of Two-Sided Markets. In: Ginsburgh, V.A. and Throsby, D. (ed.) Handbook of the Economics of Art and Culture. Amsterdam: North Holland.
Antweiler, W. & Frank, M. Z. (2004) ‘Is all that talk just noise? The information content of internet stock message boards’ The Journal of Finance, 59(3), pp. 1259–1294. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00662.x
Archer, M. S. (2010) ‘Routine, Reflexivity, and Realism’, Sociological Theory, 28(3), pp. 272–303. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01375.x.
Aroldi, P., & Colombo, F. (eds) (2003). Le Età della Tv: indagine su quattro generazioni di spettatori, italiani. Milano: Vita e Pensiero Università.
Arpan, L. M. et al. (2011) ‘Perceptions of Bias in Political Content in Late Night Comedy Programs’, Electronic News, 5(3), pp. 158–173. doi: 10.1177/1931243111421765.
Artemas, K., Vos, T. P. & Duffy, M. (2018) ‘Journalism Hits a Wall’, Journalism Studies, 19:7, pp. 1004-1020. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2016.1249006.
Arthurs, J. & Shaw, S. (2016) ‘Celebrity capital in the political field: Russell Brand’s migration from stand-up comedy to Newsnight’, Media, Culture & Society, 38(8), pp. 1136–1152. doi: 10.1177/0163443716635869.
Ashby, W. R. (1956) An Introduction to Cybernetics. London: Chapman & Hall.
Atkinson, J. (2011) ‘Performance Journalism: A Three-Template Model of Television News’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(1), pp. 102–129. doi: 10.1177/1940161210381646.
Aversa, P., Hervas-Drane, A. & Evenou, M. (2019) ‘Business Model Responses to Digital Piracy’, California Management Review, 61(2), pp. 30–58. doi: 10.1177/0008125618818841.
Axt, J. R., Landau, M. J. & Kay, A. C. (2020) ‘The Psychological Appeal of Fake-News Attributions’, Psychological Science, 31(7), pp. 848–857. doi: 10.1177/0956797620922785.
Aydin, H. (2021) ‘A Study of Cloud Computing Adoption in Universities as a Guideline to Cloud Migration’, SAGE Open. doi: 10.1177/21582440211030280.
Bail, C. A., Brown, T. W. & Wimmer, A. (2019) ‘Prestige, Proximity, and Prejudice: How Google Search Terms Diffuse across the World’, American Journal of Sociology, 124:5, pp. 1496-1548. doi: 10.1086/702007.
Bakardjieva, M. & Smith, R. (2001) ‘The Internet in Everyday Life: Computer Networking from the Standpoint of the Domestic User’, New Media & Society, 3(1), pp. 67–83. doi: 10.1177/1461444801003001005.
Bakir, V. & McStay, A. (2018) ‘Fake News and The Economy of Emotions’, Digital Journalism, 6:2, pp. 154-175. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2017.1345645.
Bakshy, E. et al. (2011) ‘Everyone's an influencer: quantifying influence on twitter’, Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining (WSDM '11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, pp. 65–74. doi: 10.1145/1935826.1935845.
Bakshy, E. et al. (2015) ‘Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook’, Science 348, 1130 (2015). doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1160.
Balkmar, D. (2012). On Men and Cars: An Ethnographic Study of Gendered, Risky and Dangerous Relations. Volume 558, Linköping: Linköping Studies in Arts and Science.
Balmas, M. (2014) ‘When Fake News Becomes Real: Combined Exposure to Multiple News Sources and Political Attitudes of Inefficacy, Alienation, and Cynicism’, Communication Research, 41(3), pp. 430–454. doi: 10.1177/0093650212453600.
Banet-Weiser, S. (2011) ‘Convergence on the Street’, Cultural Studies, 25:4-5, pp. 641-658. doi: 10.1080/09502386.2011.600553.
Banet-Weiser, S. (2012) Authentic: TM. The Politics of Ambivalence in a Brand Culture. New York: New York University Press.
Bar, F., Pisani, F. & Seabra, C. (2011) Apropiación y uso: estudió de caso en Brasil. In: Fernández-Ardèvol, M. , Galperin, H. and Castells, M. (eds.) Comunicación móvil y desarrollo económico y social en América Latina. Barcelona; Madrid: Editorial Planeta.
Bar, F., Weber, M. S. & Pisani, F. (2016) ‘Mobile technology appropriation in a distant mirror: Baroquization, creolization, and cannibalism’, New Media & Society, 18(4), pp. 617–636. doi: 10.1177/1461444816629474.
Barbie Z. (1992) ‘CNN, the Gulf War, and Journalistic Practice’, Journal of Communication, Volume 42, Issue 1, pp. 66–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00769.x.
Barnard, S.R. (2018) Citizens at the Gates: Twitter, Networked Publics, and the Transformation of American Journalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Barrett, M., et al. (2012) ‘Reconfiguring Boundary Relations: Robotic Innovations in Pharmacy Work’. Organization Science, 23(5), pp. 1448–1466. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23252317
Barry, E. (2008) ‘Celebrity, cultural production and public life’, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 11(3), pp. 251–258. doi: 10.1177/1367877908092583.
Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2008), ‘Toward a theory of network gatekeeping: A framework for exploring information control’, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59: pp. 1493-1512. doi: 10.1002/asi.20857.
Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2008)’ Toward a theory of network gatekeeping: A framework for exploring information control’, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59: pp. 1493-1512. doi: 10.1002/asi.20857.
Bauman, Z. (2000) Liquid modernity. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bauman, Z. (2012) ‘Times of interregnum’, Ethics & Global Politics, 5:1, pp. 49-56. doi: 10.3402/egp.v5i1.17200.
Baym, N. K. (2010). Personal Connections in the Digital Age. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Beck, U. (2006) ‘Living in the world risk society’, Economy and Society, 35:3, 329-345. doi: 10.1080/03085140600844902.
Beck, U. (2010) ‘Climate for Change, or How to Create a Green Modernity?’, Theory, Culture & Society, 27(2–3), pp. 254–266. doi: 10.1177/0263276409358729.
Becker, M., Wiegand, N. & Reinartz, W. J. (2019) ‘Does It Pay to Be Real? Understanding Authenticity in TV Advertising’, Journal of Marketing, 83(1), pp. 24–50. doi: 10.1177/0022242918815880.
Beckett, C. (2010) The value of networked journalism, London: POLIS, London School of Economics and Political Science . Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/31050
Beckett, C. & Deuze, M. (2016) ‘On the Role of Emotion in the Future of Journalism’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305116662395.
Beer, D. (2017) ‘The social power of algorithms’, Information, Communication & Society, 20:1, 1-13, doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1216147.
Beer, D. (2017) ‘The social power of algorithms’, Information, Communication & Society, 20:1, pp. 1-13, doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1216147.
Bell, D. (1996). The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. New York: BasicBooks.
Bengtsson, M. (2015) ‘Approaches to Political Commentary in Scandinavia: A Call for Textual, Evaluating Scholarship’, N O R D I C O M Review, 36(1), pp. 5-18. Available at: https://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/kapitel-pdf/nordicom_review_36_2015_1_pp._5-18.pdf
Benkler, Y. (2006). The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Benkler, Y., Faris, R. & Roberts, H. (2018). Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bennett W.L., Freelon D. and Wells C. (2010) Changing citizen identity and the rise of a participatory media culture, in L.R. Sherrod, C.A. Flanagan and J. Torney-Purta (eds) Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement in Youth. Oxford: Routledge.
Bennett, W. L. (2016). News: The Politics of Illusions. New York: Pearson.
Bennett, W. L. & Livingston, S. (2018) ‘The disinformation order: Disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions’, European Journal of Communication, 33(2), pp. 122–139. doi: 10.1177/0267323118760317.
Bennett, W. L., Wells, C. & Rank, A. (2009) ‘Young citizens and civic learning: two paradigms of citizenship in the digital age’, Citizenship Studies, 13:2, pp. 105-120. doi: 10.1080/13621020902731116.
Benson, R. (2006) ‘News Media as a “Journalistic Field”: What Bourdieu Adds to New Institutionalism, and Vice Versa’, Political Communication, 23:2, 187-202. doi: 10.1080/10584600600629802.
Benson, R., Neff, T. & Hessérus, M. (2018) ‘Media Ownership and Public Service News: How Strong Are Institutional Logics?’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(3), pp. 275–298. doi: 10.1177/1940161218782740.
Bentivegna, S. (2006) ‘Rethinking Politics in the World of ICTs’, European Journal of Communication, 21(3), pp. 331–343. doi: 10.1177/0267323106066638.
Berger, J. & Milkman, K. L. (2012) ‘What Makes Online Content Viral?’, Journal of Marketing Research, 49(2), pp. 192–205. doi: 10.1509/jmr.10.0353.
Berkman, M. & Plutzer, E. (2010) Evolution, Creationism, and the Battle to Control America's Classrooms. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Berman, M. (1982). All that is solid melts into air: The experience of modernity. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Bernard, A. (2019). The Triumph of Profiling. The Self in Digital Culture. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bertel, T. F. (2016) ‘‘Why would you want to know?’: The reluctant use of location sharing via check-ins on Facebook among Danish youth’, Convergence, 22(2), pp. 162–176. doi: 10.1177/1354856514543250.
Bessy, C., & Chateauraynaud, F. (2019) ‘The Dynamics of Authentication and Counterfeits in Markets’, Historical Social Research, 44(1), pp. 136-159. doi: 10.12759/hsr.44.2019.1.136-159.
Beyer, Y. et al. (2007) ‘Small Talk Makes a Big Difference: Recent Developments in Interactive, SMS-Based Television’, Television & New Media, 8(3), pp. 213–234. doi: 10.1177/1527476407301642.
Bird, E. (1998) ‘News We Can Use: An Audience Perspective on the Tabloidisation of News in the United States’, Javnost - The Public, 5:3, pp. 33-49. doi: 10.1080/13183222.1998.11008681.
Bleakley, P. (2021) ‘Panic, pizza and mainstreaming the alt-right: A social media analysis of Pizzagate and the rise of the QAnon conspiracy’, Current Sociology. doi: 10.1177/00113921211034896.
Blom, J.O. & Monk, A. F. (2003) ‘Theory of Personalization of Appearance: Why Users Personalize Their PCs and Mobile Phones’, Human–Computer Interaction, 18:3, pp. 193-228. doi: 10.1207/S15327051HCI1803_1.
Blumler, J. G. (1997) ‘Origins of the Crisis of Communication for Citizenship’, Political Communication, 14:4, 395-404. doi: 10.1080/105846097199191.
Bobbio N. (1980) ‘La democracia et il potere invisibile’, Rivista Italiana de Scienza Politica, Bolonha, n.º 2, 1980.
Bobkowski, P. S. (2015) ‘Sharing the News: Effects of Informational Utility and Opinion Leadership on Online News Sharing’, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(2), pp. 320–345. doi: 10.1177/1077699015573194.
Bolin, G. (2010) ‘Domesticating the mobile in Estonia’, New Media & Society, 12(1), pp. 55–73. doi: 10.1177/1461444809355112.
Bolin, G. (2022).‘The Value Dynamics of Data Capitalism: Cultural Production and Consumption in a Datafied World’. In: Hepp, A., Jarke, J. Kramp, L. (eds), New Perspectives in Critical Data Studies: The Ambivalences of Data Power. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan Transforming Communications – Studies in Cross-Media Research. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96180-0_8
Bollen, J., Mao, H., & Zeng, X. (2011) ‘Twitter mood predicts the stock market’, Journal of Computational Science, 2(1), 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jocs.2010.12.007.
Boorstin, D. J. (1961) The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America. New York: Harper & Row.
Bouin, O. (2017) ‘End of European Integration as We Knew it: A Political Economy Analysis’. In: Castells, M. et al. (eds) Europe's Crises. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bourdieu, P. (1989) ‘Social Space and Symbolic Power’, Sociological Theory, 7(1), pp. 14–25. doi: 10.2307/202060.
Bourdieu, P. (1993). The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bourdieu, P. (1999). On Television and Journalism. London: Pluto Press.
Bourdieu, P. (2005) ‘The Political Field, The Social Science Field, and Journalistic Field’. In
Benson, R. & Neveu, E. (eds.) Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bourdon, J. & Ribke, N. (2016) ‘Ratings, the state and globalization: the politics of television audience measurement in Israel’, Media, Culture & Society, 38(2), pp. 159–174. doi: 10.1177/0163443715594034.
Bowker, G. (2001), ‘The new knowledge economy and science and technology Policy’, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Paris: UNESCO. Available at: http://epl.scu.edu/~gbowker/knowledgeeconomy.pdf
Brants, K. & Voltmer, K. (2011). ‘Introduction: Mediatization and Decentralization of Political Communication’. In: Brants, K. and Voltmer, K. (eds.) Political Communication in Postmodern Democracy: Challenging the Primacy of Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Braudel, F. (1960) ‘History and the Social Sciences: The Long Duration’, Political Research, Organization and Design, 3(6), pp. 3–13. doi: 10.1177/000276426000300601.
Braun, J. A. & Eklund, J. L. (2019) ’Fake News, Real Money: Ad Tech Platforms, Profit-Driven Hoaxes, and the Business of Journalism’, Digital Journalism, 7:1, pp. 1-21. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2018.1556314.
Breton, P. (1994). A Utopia da Comunicação. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget.
Brewer, B. D. (2019) ‘The commercial transformation of world football and the North–South divide: A global value chain analysis’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 54(4), pp. 410–430. doi: 10.1177/1012690217721176.
Briggs, A., Burke, P. & Ytreberg, E. (2020). A Social History of the Media. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bro, P. (2012) ‘Licence to Comment’, Journalism Studies, 13:3, 433-446. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2011.616407.
Broersma, M. & Graham, T. (2012) ‘Social Media as Beat’, Journalism Practice, 6:3, pp. 403-419. doi: 10.1080/17512786.2012.663626.
Bruns, A. (2013) ‘Exploring the Pro-Am Interface between Production and Produsage’. In: Lee, F. L. F, et al. (eds.) Frontiers in New Media Research. Oxford: Routledge.
Bucher, T. (2012) ‘Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook’, New Media & Society, 14(7), pp. 1164–1180. doi: 10.1177/1461444812440159.
Bucher, T. (2017) ‘The algorithmic imaginary: exploring the ordinary affects of Facebook algorithms’, Information, Communication & Society, 20:1, 30 44. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1154086.
Bucher, T. (2018) IF … THEN: Algorithmic power and politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bude, H. (2018) Society of fear, Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Bude, H. (2018b) The Mood of the World. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Budzinski, O., Gaenssle, S. & Lindstädt-Dreusicke, N. (2021) ‘The battle of YouTube, TV and Netflix: an empirical analysis of competition in audiovisual media markets’. SN Business & Economics 1, 116 (2021). doi:10.1007/s43546-021-00122-0.
Bunce, M., Wright, K. & Scott, M. (2018) ‘Our newsroom in the cloud’: Slack, virtual newsrooms and journalistic practice’, New Media & Society, 20(9), pp. 3381–3399. doi: 10.1177/1461444817748955.
Bunz, M. & Meikle, G. (2018). The Internet of Things. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Buonanno, M. (2009) ‘From Literary to Format Adaptation: Multiple Interactions between the Foreign and Domestic in Italian TV Drama’, Critical Studies in Television, 4(1), pp. 65–83. doi: 10.7227/CST.4.1.6.
Buonanno, M. (2016) ‘(Not yet) the end of television: Editor’s introduction’, Media and Communication, 4(3), 95–98. doi: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.661.
Burkart, P. & Andersson Schwarz, J. (2015) ‘Piracy & Social Change| Introduction: Piracy and Social Change—Revisiting Piracy Cultures’, International Journal Of Communication, [S.l.], v. 9, p. 6, mar. 2015. ISSN 1932-8036. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3704/1346
Burki, T. (2020) ‘The online anti-vaccine movement in the age of COVID-19’, The Lancet Digital Health, doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30227-2.
Butler, J. G. (1986) ‘Notes on the Soap Opera Apparatus: Televisual Style and “As the World Turns” ’, Cinema Journal, 25(3), 53–70. doi: 10.2307/1225479.
Butter, M. & Knight, P. (eds.). (2020) Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories. Oxford: Routledge.
Calabrese, A. & Burgelman, J.-C. (1999) Communication, Citizenship and Social Policy. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers.
Cammaerts, B. (2020) ‘The neo-fascist discourse and its normalisation through mediation’, Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 15:3, pp. 241-256, doi: 10.1080/17447143.2020.1743296.
Cardon, D. (2013) ‘Inside the Mind of PageRank: A study of Google’s algorithm’, Réseaux, 1(1), 63-95. doi: 10.3917/res.177.0063.
Cardoso, G. (1998). Para uma Sociologia do Ciberespaço: Comunidades Virtuais em Português. Oeiras: Celta.
Cardoso, G. (2006) ‘Societies in Transition to the Network Society’. In: Castells, M. and Cardoso, G. (2006) The Network Society: From Knowledge to Policy. Washington DC: Johns Hopkins Center for Transatlantic Relations.
Cardoso, G. (2007) The Media in the Network Society: Browsing, News, Filters and Citizenship. Lisboa: CIES-ISCTE, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301788960_The_Media_in_the_Network_Society
Cardoso, G. (2008) ‘From Mass to Networked Communication: Communicational models and the Informational Society’, International Journal Of Communication. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/19/178
Cardoso, G. (2014) Os Media na Sociedade em Rede - 2ª ed. Lisboa : Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Cardoso, G. (ed.) (2013) A Sociedade dos Ecrãs, Lisboa: Tinta da China.
Cardoso, G. & Lamy, C. (2011) ‘Redes sociais: comunicação e mudança’, JANUS.NET e-journal of International Relations, Vol. 2, n.º 1 (Primavera 2011), pp. 73-96, Available at: https://observare.autonoma.pt/janus-net/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/03/pt_vol2_n1_art6.htm
Cardoso, G. & Quintanilha, T. (2013) ‘Introdução’. In: Cardoso, G. (ed.) A Sociedade dos Ecrãs. Lisboa: Tinta da China.
Cardoso, G. et al. (2005). A Sociedade em Rede em Portugal. Porto: Campo das Letras.
Cardoso, G. et al. (2012) ‘European Cinema in P2P Networks: A New Distribution Model’, International Journal Of Communication. Available at:
Cardoso, G. et al. (2015). A sociedade em rede em Portugal: Uma década de transição. Coimbra: Almedina.
Cardoso, G. et al. (2017) ‘Social Movements, participation and crisis in Europe’. In: Castells, M. et al. (ed.) Europe’s crisis. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Cardoso, G. et al. (2018) ‘Barómetro de notícias, Estado das Notícias (2 de junho de 2017 a 31 de maio de 2018)’, Available at: https://medialab.iscte-iul.pt/barometro-estado-das-noticias-2018/
Cardoso, G. et al. (2020) ‘Social media disinformation in the pre-electoral period in Portugal’, Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20667
Cardoso, G. et al. (2021) ‘Digital News Report - Portugal 2021’, Lisboa: OberCom, Available at: https://obercom.pt/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/DNR_PT_2021_final.pdf
Cardoso, G., Jacobetty, P. and Duarte, A. (2012) Para Uma Ciência Aberta. Lisboa: Mundos Sociais.
Carlson, M. & Usher, N. (2016) ‘News Startups as Agents of Innovation’, Digital Journalism, 4:5, 563-581. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2015.1076344.
Caron, A., & Caronia, L. (2007). Moving Cultures: Mobile Communication in Everyday Life. Montreal: MQUP.
Casetti, F. (2019) ‘What is a screen nowadays?’. In Monteiro, S. (ed.) The screen media reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Castells, M. (2001). The Internet Galaxy. Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castells, M. (2002) A Era da Informação: Economia, Sociedade e Cultura, vol. I: A Sociedade em Rede, Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Castells, M. (2005) ´Innovation, Information Technology and the Culture of Freedom’, Communication presented at the World Social Forum (29 Jan 2005), Available at: http://http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/informes/2623.html
Castells, M. (2006). Observatorio global: crónicas de principios de siglo. Barcelona: La Vanguardia Ediciones.
Castells, M. (2007) ‘Communication, Power and Counter-power in the Network Society’, International Journal Of Communication 1 (2007), pp. 238-266 Available at : http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/46/35
Castells, M. (2012) Networks of Outrage and Hope – social movements in the internet age. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Castells, M. (2013). Communication Power. Oxford. Oxford University Press.
Castells, M. (2023). The Network Society Revisited. American Behavioral Scientist, 67(7). 940-946. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221092803
Castells, M. & Cardoso, G. (2006) The Network Society: From Knowledge to Policy. Washington DC: Johns Hopkins Center for Transatlantic Relations.
Castells, M. & Himanen, P. (2003) The Information Society and the Welfare State: The Finnish Model. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castells, M. et al. (2003) La Societat Xarxa a Catalunya. Barcelona: Editorial UOC.
Castells, M. et al. (eds.) (2017), Europe’s Crisis. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Castells, M., & Cardoso, G. (2012), ‘Piracy Cultures | Editorial Introduction’, International Journal of Communication. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1610
Castells, M., Caraça, J. & Cardoso, G. (eds.) (2012) Aftermath: the Cultures of the Economic Crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castillo, C., et al. (2014) ‘Characterizing the life cycle of online news stories using social media reactions’, in Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, pp. 211-223. doi:10.1145/2531602.2531623.
Castoriadis, C. (2010) A society Adrift. Interviews & Debates (1974-1997). Available at: http://www.notbored.org/ASA.pdf
Caswell, D. & Dörr, K. (2018) ‘Automated Journalism 2.0: Event-driven narratives. From simple descriptions to real stories’, Journalism Practice, 12(4), pp: 477-496. doi: 10.1080/17512786.2017.1320773.
Caudell, T. P. & Mizell, D. W. (1992) ‘Augmented reality: an application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes’, in Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1992, pp. 659-669 vol.2, doi: 10.1109/HICSS.1992.183317.
Celeste, R. (2005) ‘Screen Idols: The Tragedy Of Falling Stars’, Journal of Popular Film and Television, 33:1, 29-38. doi: 10.3200/JPFT.33.1.29-38.
Cerf, V.G. (2010) ‘A half-century makes a difference’. J Internet Serv Appl 1, pp. 3–5. doi: 10.1007/s13174-010-0005-8.
Cetina, K. K. & Bruegger, U. (2002) ‘Traders’ Engagement with Markets’, Theory, Culture & Society, 19(5–6), pp. 161–185. doi: 10.1177/026327602761899200.
Chaffee, S. H. & Metzger, M. J. (2001) ‘The end of mass communication?’, Mass Communication and Society, 4, pp. 365-379. doi:10.1207/S15327825MCS0404_3.
Chalaby, J. K. (2016) ‘Drama without Drama: The Late Rise of Scripted TV Formats’, Television & New Media, 17(1), pp. 3–20. doi: 10.1177/1527476414561089.
Champagne, P. (1990) Faire l'opinion - le nouveau Jeu politique. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit.
Champagne, P. (2004) ´Making the People Speak: The Use of Public Opinion Polls in Democracy´, Constellations, 11 (1), pp. 61-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1351-0487.2004.00362.x.
Chandler, Daniel. (1997). An Introduction to Genre Theory. Available at: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/intgenre/intgenre1.html
Chen E., Lerman K. & Ferrara E. (2020) ‘Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set’, JMIR Public Health Surveillance 2020;6(2):e19273. doi: 10.2196/19273.
Chen, W. & Thorson, E. (2021) ‘Perceived individual and societal values of news and paying for subscriptions’, Journalism, 22(6), pp. 1296–1316. doi: 10.1177/1464884919847792.
Cheng, J. & Guo, J. L. C. (2019) ‘Activity-based analysis of open source software contributors: roles and dynamics’, Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE '19), IEEE Press, pp. 11–18. doi: 10.1109/CHASE.2019.00011.
Cheng, Y. & Chen, Z. F. (2020) ‘The Influence of Presumed Fake News Influence: Examining Public Support for Corporate Corrective Response, Media Literacy Interventions, and Governmental Regulation’, Mass Communication and Society, 23:5, pp. 705-729. doi: 10.1080/15205436.2020.1750656.
Chenou, J-M. (2014) ‘From Cyber-Libertarianism to Neoliberalism: Internet Exceptionalism, Multi-stakeholderism, and the Institutionalisation of Internet Governance in the 1990s’, Globalizations, 11:2, 205-223. doi: 10.1080/14747731.2014.887387.
Christians, C. G. et al. (2009). Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
Christin, A. (2020) ‘The Ethnographer and the Algorithm: Beyond the Black Box’, Theory and Society, 49.5: 897-918. doi: 10.1007/s11186-020-09411-3.
Clark, G., Thrift, N. & Tickell, A. (2004) ‘Performing finance: the industry, the media and its image’, Review of International Political Economy, 11:2, pp. 289-310. doi: 10.1080/09692290420001672813.
Classen, M. et al. (2019) ‘Everything as a service? Introducing the St.Gallen IGaaS Management Model’. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Smart Services Summit. Thun : Swiss Alliance for Data-Intensive Services, 2019, S. 61-65.Available at: https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/publications/257814
Cohen, N.S. (2015) ‘Entrepreneurial journalism and the precarious state of media work’, The South Atlantic Quarterly 114(3): 513–533. doi: 10.1215/00382876-3130723.
Colbjørnsen, T. (2021) ‘The streaming network: Conceptualizing distribution economy, technology, and power in streaming media services’, Convergence, 27(5), pp. 1264–1287. doi: 10.1177/1354856520966911.
Colbjørnsen, T., Hui, A. & Solstad, B. (2021) ‘What do you pay for all you can eat? Pricing practices and strategies in streaming media services’, Journal of Media Business Studies. doi: 10.1080/16522354.2021.1949568.
Coleman, B. (2012) ‘Everything is Animated: Pervasive Media and the Networked Subject’, Body & Society, 18(1), pp. 79–98. doi: 10.1177/1357034X11433488.
Colombo, F. (1993). Le nuove tecnologie della comunicazione. Milano: Bompiani.
Colombo, F. (2018) ‘Gramsci un Pensatore Moderno’., In Colombo, F. (ed.) Gramsci Reloaded. Una Teorica Sociale della Cultura. Milano: Rogas.
Colombo, F. (2022). Verità e democrazia. Sulle orme di Michel Foucault, Milano: Mimesis Edizioni.
Collins, H. (2018). Artifictional Intelligence: Against Humanity’s Surrender to Computers. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Collins, H. (2021) The science of artificial intelligence and its critics, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 46:1-2, 53-70, doi: 10.1080/03080188.2020.1840821.
Compton, J.R. & Benedetti, P. (2010) ‘Labour, new media and the institutional restructuring of journalism’, Journalism Studies, 11(4): pp. 487–499. doi:10.1080/14616701003638350.
Corbu, N. et al. (2020) ‘‘They can’t fool me, but they can fool the others!’ Third person effect and fake news detection’, European Journal of Communication, 35(2), pp. 165–180. doi: 10.1177/0267323120903686.
Corner, J. (2018) ‘'Mediatization': Media Theory's Word of the Decade’, Media Theory, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 2, p. 79-90, dec. 2018. ISSN 2557-826X. Available at: https://journalcontent.mediatheoryjournal.org/index.php/mt/article/view/58.
Cornia, A. (2016) ‘TV-centrism and politicisation in Italy: obstacles to new media development and pluralism’, Media, Culture & Society, 38(2), pp. 175–195. doi: 10.1177/0163443715594035.
Cornia, A., Sehl, A. & Nielsen, R. K. (2020) ‘‘We no longer live in a time of separation’: A comparative analysis of how editorial and commercial integration became a norm’, Journalism, 21(2), pp. 172–190. doi: 10.1177/1464884918779919.
Costera Meijer, I. (2001) ’The public quality of popular journalism: Developing a normative framework’, Journalism Studies 2(2): 189–205. doi: 10.1080/14616700120042079.
Cotter, K., DeCook, J. R. and Kanthawala, S. (2022) ‘Fact-Checking the Crisis: COVID-19, Infodemics, and the Platformization of Truth’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/20563051211069048.
Couchot, E. (2019) ‘The Ordered Mosaic, or Screen Overtaken by Computation’. In: Monteiro, S. (ed.) The screen media reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Couldry, N. and Hepp, A. (2017). The Mediated Construction of Reality. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Couldry, N. & Hepp, A. (2018) ‘The continuing lure of the mediated centre in times of deep mediatization: Media Events and its enduring legacy’, Media, Culture & Society, 40(1), pp. 114–117. doi: 10.1177/0163443717726009.
Couldry, N., Livingstone, S., and Markham, T. (2010). Media Consumption and Public Engagement: Beyond the Presumption of Attention. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Courtois, C., Verdegem, P. and De Marez, L. (2013) ‘The Triple Articulation of Media Technologies in Audiovisual Media Consumption’, Television & New Media, 14(5), pp. 421–439. doi: 10.1177/1527476412439106.
Craig, G. (1999) ‘Plastic vision: an analysis of Reuters Financial Television’, UTS Review, 5: 111–25.
Crang, M. & Graham, S. (2007) ‘SENTIENT CITIES Ambient Intelligence and the Politics of Urban Space’, Information, Communication & Society, 10:6, pp. 789-817. doi: 10.1080/13691180701750991.
Crang, M. & Graham, S. (2007) ‘SENTIENT CITIES. Ambient intelligence and the politics of urban space’, Information, Communication & Society, 10:6, 789817. doi: 10.1080/13691180701750991.
Crawford, K. (2016) ‘Can an Algorithm be Agonistic? Ten Scenes from Life in Calculated Publics’, Science, Technology, & Human Values, 41(1), pp. 77–92. doi: 10.1177/0162243915589635.
Cubitt, S. (2019) ‘Current Screens’. In: Monteiro, S. (ed.) The screen media reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Cunha E. et al. (2018) ‘Fake News as We Feel It: Perception and Conceptualization of the Term “Fake News” in the Media’. In: Staab S., Koltsova O. and Ignatov D. (eds.) Social Informatics. SocInfo 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 11185. Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-01129-1_10.
Cunningham, S. & Craig, D. (2017) ‘Being ‘really real’ on YouTube: authenticity, community and brand culture in social media entertainment’, Media International Australia, 164(1), pp. 71–81. doi: 10.1177/1329878X17709098.
Cunningham, S. & Craig, D. (2019) Social Media Entertainment: The New Intersection of Hollywood and Silicon Valley. New York: New York University Press.
Curran, J. (1991) ‘Mass Media and Democracy: A Reappraisal’. In: Curran, J. and Gurevich, M. (eds.) Mass Media and Society. London: Edward Arnold.
Dahlgren, P. (1995) Television and the Public Sphere: Citizenship, Democracy and the Media. London: Sage.
Dahlgren, P. & Sparks, C. (eds.) (1991) Communication and Citizenship. Journalism and the Public Sphere. Oxford: Routledge.
Damásio, M. J. & Paixão da Costa, J. (2020) ‘Portuguese Soap Operas: A case study on the emergence of an original production culture’, Critical Studies in Television, 15(1), pp. 25–48. doi: 10.1177/1749602019892463.
Damian, T. (2010) ‘What are Financial Journalists For?’, Journalism Studies, 11:2, pp. 158-174. doi: 10.1080/14616700903378661.
Damstra, A. & Boukes, M. (2021) ‘The Economy, the News, and the Public: A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Economic News on Economic Evaluations and Expectations’, Communication Research, 48(1), pp. 26–50. doi: 10.1177/0093650217750971
Damstra, A. et al. (2021) ‘What Does Fake Look Like? A Review of the Literature on Intentional Deception in the News and on Social Media’, Journalism Studies,22:14, pp. 1947-1963, doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2021.1979423.
Dawkins, R. (2006). The selfish gene (30th anniversary ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dayan, D. & Katz, E. (1992) Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
de Reuver, M., Nikou, S. & Bouwman, H. (2016) ‘Domestication of smartphones and mobile applications: A quantitative mixed-method study’, Mobile Media & Communication, 4(3), pp. 347–370. doi: 10.1177/2050157916649989.
de Vreese, C. H. et al. (2018) ‘Populism as an Expression of Political Communication Content and Style: A New Perspective’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(4), pp. 423–438. doi: 10.1177/1940161218790035.
de Vries, K. (2010) ‘Identity, profiling algorithms and a world of ambient intelligence’, Ethics Inf Technol 12, 71–85 (2010). doi: 10.1007/s10676-009-9215-9.
Deery, J. (2015) Reality TV. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Delli Carpini, M. X. (2000) ‘In Search of the informed Citizen: What Americans know about politics and why it matters’, The Communication Review, 4:1, pp. 129-164. doi: 10.1080/10714420009359466.
Demers, D. & Merskin, D. (2000) ‘Corporate News Structure and the Managerial Revolution’, Journal of Media Economics, 13:2, pp. 103-121. doi: 10.1207/S15327736ME1302_4.
Denise, A. Smith, S. W. & Williamson, T. (2007) ‘The Quality of Open-Source Production: Zealots and Good Samaritans in the Case of Wikipedia’, Computer Science Technical Report TR2007-606. Available at: https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/cs_tr/306
Detoc, M. et al. (2020) ‘Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic’, Vaccine, 2020 Oct 21;38(45):7002-7006. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041.
Deuze, M. (2005) ‘Popular journalism and professional ideology: tabloid reporters and editors speak out’, Media, Culture & Society, 27(6), pp. 861–882. doi: 10.1177/0163443705057674.
Deuze, M. (2005) ‘What is journalism?: Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered’, Journalism, 6(4), pp. 442–464. doi: 10.1177/1464884905056815.
Deuze, M. (2007) ‘Convergence culture in the creative industries’, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2), pp. 243–263. doi: 10.1177/1367877907076793.
Deuze, M. (2008) ‘The changing context of news work: Liquid journalism for a monitorial citizenry’, International Journal of Communication 2. Available at: ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/290
Deuze, M. (2009) ‘Media Industries, Work and Life’, European Journal of Communication, 24(4), pp. 467–480. doi: 10.1177/0267323109345523.
Deuze, M. (2011) ‘Media life’, Media, Culture & Society, 33(1), pp. 137–148. doi: 10.1177/0163443710386518.
Deuze, M. (2020) ‘The Role of Media and Mass Communication Theory in the Global Pandemic’, Communication Today, 11(2), 4-16. Available at: https://www.communicationtoday.sk/the-role- of-media-and-mass-communication-theory-in-the-global-pandemic/
Deuze, M. and Witschge, T. (2018) ‘Beyond journalism: Theorizing the transformation of journalism’, Journalism, 19(2), pp. 165–181. doi: 10.1177/1464884916688550.
Diakopoulos, N. (2015) ‘Algorithmic Accountability’, Digital Journalism, 3:3, 398-415. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2014.976411.
Dickinson, R. et al. (2001) ‘Breakfast, Time, and “Breakfast Time”: Television, Food, and the Household Organization of Consumption’, Television & New Media, 2(3), pp. 235–256. doi: 10.1177/152747640100200304.
Djankov, S, Caralee, M and Nenova, T. (2003) ‘Who owns the media?’ Journal of Law & Economics 46(2): 341–381. doi: 10.1086/377116.
Dobber, T. et al. (2021) ‘Do (Microtargeted) Deepfakes Have Real Effects on Political Attitudes?’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 26(1), pp. 69–91. doi: 10.1177/1940161220944364.
Douglas, K.M. et al. (2019) ‘Understanding Conspiracy Theories’, Political Psychology, 40: 3-35. doi: 10.1111/pops.12568.
Doyle, G. (2006) ‘Financial news journalism: A post-Enron analysis of approaches towards economic and financial news production in the UK’, Journalism, 7(4), pp. 433–452. doi: 10.1177/1464884906068361.
Doyle, G. (2011) ‘Media Economics and Regulation’. In: Towse, R. (ed.) A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing.
Dreier, P. (1982) ‘Capitalists vs. the media: an analysis of an ideological mobilization among business leaders’, Media, Culture & Society, 4(2), pp. 111–132. doi: 10.1177/016344378200400203.
Driessens, O. (2013) ‘The celebritization of society and culture: Understanding the structural dynamics of celebrity culture’, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 16(6), pp. 641–657. doi: 10.1177/1367877912459140.
Druick, Z. (2016) ‘The Myth of Media Literacy’, International Journal Of Communication, 10, 20. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2797/1583
Ducheneaut, N. (2005) ‘Socialization in an Open-Source Software Community: A Socio-Technical Analysis’, Comput Supported Coop Work 14, 323–368 (2005). doi: 10.1007/s10606-005-9000-1.
Dunn, J. (1994) ‘Preface to Contemporary Crisis of the Nation State?’, [Special issue] Political Studies, 42, pp. 3–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.1994.tb00002.x.
Dusenberry, L., Hutter, L. & Robinson, J. (2015) ‘Filter. Remix. Make.: Cultivating Adaptability Through Multimodality’, Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 45(3), pp. 299–322. doi: 10.1177/0047281615578851.
Dyson, E. (1997). Release 2.0: A Design for Living in the Digital Age. New York: Broadway Books.
Eaton, B. et al. (2015) ’Distributed Tuning of Boundary Resources: The Case of Apple's iOS Service System’, MIS Quarterly, 39(1), 217-244, A1-A12. doi: 10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.1.10.
Eberl, J.-M., Wagner, M. & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2017) ‘Are Perceptions of Candidate Traits Shaped by the Media? The Effects of Three Types of Media Bias’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 22(1), pp. 111–132. doi: 10.1177/1940161216674651.
Eco, U. (1984) ‘A falação esportiva’. In ECO, U. (1984) Viagem na irrealidade quotidiana. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira.
Eco, U. (1990) ‘A Guide to the Neo-Television of the 1980s’. In: Barański, Z.G. and Lumley R. (eds) Culture and Conflict in Postwar Italy. University of Reading European and International Studies. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Eco, U. (1994) ‘Does Counter-Culture exist ?. In: Lomley, R. (ed.) Apocalypse Postponed: Essays by Umberto Eco. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Eco, U. (1994) ‘The Holy War: Mac vs. DOS’, La bustina di Minerva, L’Espresso, September 30, 1994. Available at: http://umbertoecoreaders.blogspot.com/2007/11/holy-war-mac-vs-dos.html
Eco, U. (2001) Apocalittici e integrati: Communicazioni di massa e teorie della cultura di massa. Milano: Bompiani.
Eco, U. (2001a) ‘Il Medium Precede Il Messaggio´, Available at: https://espresso.repubblica.it
Eco, U. (2003) ‘Vegetal and mineral memory: the future of books’. Available at: https://www.bibalex.org/Attachments/Publications/Files/Umberto_Eco_.pdf
Eco, U. (2007) Turning Back the Clock: Hot Wars and Media Populism. London: Harcourt.
Eco, U. (2011) La memoria vegetale e altri scritti di bibliofilia. Milano: Bompiani.
Eco, U. and Carrière J.-C. (2012) This is Not the End of the Book. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Eco, U. (2016) ‘La falsification au moyen âge’. In: Eco, U. (ed.) Écrits sur la pensée au moyen âge. Paris: Grasset.
Eco, Umberto (2018) ‘Per una guerriglia semiologica’. In: Marrone, G. (ed.) Sulla Televisione Scritti 1956-2015. Milano: La Nave de Teseo.
Eco, Umberto (2018a) ‘Il cogito interruptus’. In: Marrone, G. (ed.) Sulla Televisione Scritti 1956-2015. Milano: La Nave de Teseo.
Eco, U. (2018c) ‘TV: la trasparenza perduta’. In: Marrone, G. (ed.) Sulla televisione. Scritti 1956-2015. Milano: La nave di Teseo.
Eco, U. (2018d) ‘Lineamenti di una ricerca semiologica sul messaggio televisivo’. In: Marrone, G. (ed.) Sulla televisione. Scritti 1956-2015. Milano: La nave di Teseo.
Eco, U. (2021) ‘Hard and Soft Communication’, Observatorio (OBS*), 15(2). doi: 10.15847/obsOBS15220212010.
Edgerly, S. & Vraga, E. K. (2019) ‘News, entertainment, or both? Exploring audience perceptions of media genre in a hybrid media environment’, Journalism, 20(6), pp. 807–826. doi: 10.1177/1464884917730709.
Edy, J. A. Snidow, S. M. and Rozzell, B. L. (2016) ‘Authenticating the Political’, Journalism Studies, 17:2, 247-262. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2014.974992.
Egelhofer, J. L. & Lecheler, S. (2019) ‘Fake news as a two-dimensional phenomenon: a framework and research agenda’, Annals of the International Communication Association, 43:2, pp. 97-116. doi: 10.1080/23808985.2019.1602782.
Egelhofer, J.L. et al. (2020) ‘From Novelty to Normalization? How Journalists Use the Term “Fake News” in their Reporting’, Journalism Studies, 21:10, 1323-1343. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2020.1745667.
Ekdale, B., Tully, S.H. & Singer, J.B. (2015) ‘Newswork within a culture of job insecurity’, Journalism Practice 9(3): pp. 383–398. doi: 10.1080/17512786.2014.963376.
Eldridge, J. (2000). The Contribution of the Glasgow Media Group to the Study of Television and Print Journalism. Journalism Studies, 1(1), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/146167000361203
Elias, Norbert (2001) Society of individuals. New Jersey: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Ellison, N., Heino, R. & Gibbs, J. (2006) ‘Managing impressions online: Self-presentation processes in online dating environment’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11: pp. 415–441. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00020.x.
Elmer, G. (2004) Profiling Machines: Mapping the Personal Information Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Enli, G. (2015) Mediated Authenticity: How the Media Constructs Reality. New York: Peter Lang.
Enli, G. & Rosenberg, L. T. (2018) ‘Trust in the Age of Social Media: Populist Politicians Seem More Authentic’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305118764430.
Entman, R. M. (1993) ‘Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm’, Journal of Communication, Autumn 1993, 43, 4; ABI/INFORM Global.
Eslami, M., et al. (2015). ‘I always assumed that I wasn't really that close to [her]: Reasoning about invisible algorithms in news feeds’, in CHI 2015 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Crossings, pp. 153-162. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings; Vol. 2015-April. Association for Computing Machinery. doi:10.1145/2702123.2702556.
Esquenazi, J. P. (2003) Sociologie des publics. Paris: Éd. La Découverte, coll. Repères.
Esser, A. (2020) ‘The appeal of ‘authenticity’: Danish TV series and UK audiences’. In Jensen, P.M. and Jacobsen, U.C. (eds.) The Global Audiences of Danish Television Drama. Gothenburg: Nordicom.
Esser, F. (1999) ‘`Tabloidization’ of News: A Comparative Analysis of Anglo-American and German Press Journalism’, European Journal of Communication, 14(3), pp. 291–324. doi: 10.1177/0267323199014003001.
Esser, F. (2008) ‘Dimensions of Political News Cultures: Sound Bite and Image Bite News in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 13(4), pp. 401–428. doi: 10.1177/1940161208323691.
Esser, F. et al. (2012) ‘Political Information Opportunities in Europe: A Longitudinal and Comparative Study of Thirteen Television Systems’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 17(3), pp. 247–274. doi: 10.1177/1940161212442956.
Evens, T., Henderickx, A., & De Marez, L. (2021) ‘Generation Stream: The Audiovisual Repertoire of Teenagers’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 65(2), pp. 185-204. doi: 10.1080/08838151.2021.1944146.
Fagerjord A. & Kueng, L. (2019) ’Mapping the core actors and flows in streaming video services: what Netflix can tell us about these new media networks’, Journal of Media Business Studies, 16:3, pp. 166-181. doi: 10.1080/16522354.2019.1684717.
Fagerjord, A. (2010) ‘After Convergence: YouTube and Remix Culture’. In Hunsinger, J., Klastrup, L. and Allen, M. (eds.) International Handbook of Internet Research. Heidelberg: Springer.
Farchy, J., Bideau, G., & Tallec, S. (2021) ‘Content quotas and prominence on VOD services: new challenges for audiovisual european regulators’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, pp. 1-12. doi: 10.1080/10286632.2021.1967944.
Farkas, J. & Schou, J. (2020) ‘Post-Truth Discourses and their Limits: A Democratic Crisis?’ In Terzis, G. et al. (ed.) Disinformation and Digital Media as a Challenge for Democracy. Cambridge: Intersentia.
Fast, K., Örnebring, H. & Karlsson, M. (2016) ‘Metaphors of free labor: a typology of unpaid work in the media sector’, Media, Culture & Society, 38(7), pp. 963–978. doi: 10.1177/0163443716635861.
Favaretto, M., De Clercq, E. & Elger, B.S. (2019) ‘Big Data and discrimination: perils, promises and solutions. A systematic review.’ J Big Data 6, 12 (2019). doi: 10.1186/s40537-019-0177-4.
Fengler, S. et al. (2015) ‘How effective is media self-regulation? Results from a comparative survey of European journalists’, European Journal of Communication, 30(3), pp. 249–266. doi: 10.1177/0267323114561009.
Fentress, J. and Wickham, C. (1992). Social memory. Oxford: Blackwell.
Fergusson, M. (1990). Public Communication. The New Imperatives. London: Sage.
Figueiras R. (2018) ‘Pluralismo ou Paralelismo? O comentário político nos noticiários do prime-time na televisão portuguesa’, Estudos em Comunicação, nº 26, vol.1, 323-343. doi: 10.20287/ec.n26.v1.a19.
Finneman, T. & Thomas, R. J. (2018) ‘A family of falsehoods: Deception, media hoaxes and fake news’, Newspaper Research Journal, 39(3), pp. 350–361. doi: 10.1177/0739532918796228.
Fisher, C. (2017) ‘Re-assessing the “Public's Right to Know” ‘, Journalism Studies, 18:3, pp. 358-375, doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2015.1065196.
Flath, C.M. et al. (2017) ‘Copy, transform, combine: exploring the remix as a form of innovation’, J Inf Technol 32, 306–325. doi: 10.1057/s41265-017-0043-9.
Forelle, M. (2015) ‘Political Bots and the Manipulation of Public Opinion in Venezuela’, SSRN. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2635800
Fornas, J. et al. (ed.) (2007) Consuming Media: Communication, Shopping and Everyday Life. Oxford: Berg.
Fornas, J., (2016) ‘The Mediatization of Third-Time Tools: Culturalizing and Historicizing Temporality’, International Journal of Communication. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5082/1821
Foucault, M. (1977) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Pantheon.
Frankenberg, R. (1978) ‘The Myth of Mass Culture’, Sociology, 12(2), pp. 394–396. doi: 10.1177/003803857801200232.
Freedman, D. (2003) ‘Cultural policymaking in the free trade era: an evaluation of the impact of current world trade organisation negotiations on audio‐visual industries’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 9:3, pp. 285-298. doi: 10.1080/1028663032000161704.
Freedman, D. (2012) ‘The Phone Hacking Scandal: Implications for Regulation’, Television & New Media, 13(1), pp. 17–20. doi: 10.1177/1527476411425253.
Freedman, D. (2014) ´Metrics, models and the meaning of media ownership’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 20:2, pp. 170-185, doi: 10.1080/10286632.2012.752821.
Freedman, D., (2015) ‘Paradigms of Media Power’, Communication, Culture and Critique, Volume 8, Issue 2, 1 June 2015, pp. 273–289. doi: 10.1111/cccr.12081.
Freelon D. & Wells, C. (2020) ‘Disinformation as Political Communication’, Political Communication, 37:2, pp. 145-156. doi: 10.1080/10584609.2020.1723755.
Friedberg, A. (2019) ‘The multiple’. In: Monteiro, S. (ed.) The Screen Media Reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Fuchs, C. et al. (2011) ‘Introduction: Internet and surveillance’. In Fuchs, C. et al. Internet and surveillance. The challenges of web 2.0 and social media. Oxford: Routledge.
Gabler, N. (2001) ‘Toward a New Definition of Celebrity’, The Norman Lear Center, Annenberg School of Communication, University of Southern California. Available at: http://www.learcenter.org/pdf/Gabler.pdf
Galtung, J. & Ruge, M. H. (1965) ‘The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers’, Journal of Peace Research, 2(1), pp. 64–90. doi: 10.1177/002234336500200104.
Garnham, N. (1990) Capitalism and Communication: Global Culture and the Economics of Information. London: Sage.
Garud R., Jain S. & Tuertscher P. (2009) ‘Incomplete by Design and Designing for Incompleteness’. In: Lyytinen, K. et al. (eds.) Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 14. Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-92966-6_7.
Gauchat, G. (2012) ‘Politicization of Science in the Public Sphere: A Study of Public Trust in the United States, 1974 to 2010’, American Sociological Review, 77(2), pp. 167–187. doi: 10.1177/0003122412438225.
Gaustad, T. (2000) ‘The Economics of Sports Programming’, Nordicom Review 21 (2): 101–113. Available at: https://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/kapitel-pdf/45_Gaustad.pdf
Geiger, R. S. (2017) ‘Beyond opening up the black box: Investigating the role of algorithmic systems in Wikipedian organizational culture’, Big Data & Society. doi: 10.1177/2053951717730735.
Genner, S. & Süss, D. (2017) ‘Socialization as Media Effect’. In: Rössler, P., Hoffner, C.A. and Zoonen L. (eds.) The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects. doi: 10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0138.
Gentzkow, M. & Shapiro, J. M. (2011) ‘Ideological Segregation Online and Offline’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 126, Issue 4, November 2011, pp. 1799–1839. doi: 10.1093/qje/qjr044.
Gerbner G. (1969) ‘Pouvoir institutionnalisé et systèmes de messages’, Communications, 14, 1969, pp. 116-128. doi:10.3406/comm.1969.1200.
Gerbner, G. (1961) ‘Press Perspectives in World Communication: A Pilot Study’, Journalism Quarterly, 38(3), pp. 313–322. doi: 10.1177/107769906103800305.
Gerbner, G. (1965) ‘Institutional pressures upon mass communications’. In: McQuail, D. (ed.) Towards a Sociology of Mass Communications. London: MacMillan Publishers.
Ghaffari, K. & Lagzian, M. (2018) ‘Exploring users’ experiences of using personal cloud storage services: a phenomenological study’, Behaviour & Information Technology, 37:3, 295-309. doi: 10.1080/0144929X.2018.1435722.
Giddens, A. (1979) Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Giddens, A. (1991). The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Gillespie, T. (2014) ‘The Relevance of Algorithms’. In: Gillespie, T., Boczkowski, P. J. and Foot, K. A. (eds.) Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gillespie, T. (2018) Custodians of the Internet. Platforms, Content Moderation and Hidden Decision that Shape Social Media. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Gillespie, T. (2020) ‘Content moderation, AI, and the question of scale’, Big Data & Society. doi: 10.1177/2053951720943234.
Gillespie, T. & Seaver, N. (2016) ‘Critical algorithm studies: A reading lis’. Available at: https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Gillespie, T. et al. (2020) ‘Expanding the debate about content moderation: scholarly research agendas for the coming policy debates’, Internet Policy Review, 9(4). doi: 10.14763/2020.4.1512.
Gilmour, D. (1991). The Last Leopard. New York: Pantheon Books.
Goffman, E. (1959) The presentation of self in everyday life. London: Bantam Books.
Goffman, E. (1974) Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Goggin, G. (2009) ‘Adapting the mobile phone: The iPhone and its consumption’, Continuum, 23:2, pp. 231-244. doi: 10.1080/10304310802710546.
Goggin, G. (2011) ‘Ubiquitous apps: politics of openness in global mobile cultures’, Digital Creativity, 22:3, pp. 148-159. doi: 10.1080/14626268.2011.603733.
Goggin, G. (2014) ‘Facebook’s mobile career’, New Media & Society, 16(7), pp. 1068–1086. doi: 10.1177/1461444814543996.
Golding, P. (1990) ‘Political Communication and Citizenship: The Media and Democracy in an Inegalitarian Social Order’. In: Ferguson, M. (ed.) Public Communication. The New Imperatives. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Goldsmith, B. (2014) ‘The smartphone app economy and app ecosystems’, in Goggin, G. and Hjorth, L. (eds.) Routledge companion to mobile media. Oxford: Routledge.
Gomes, A. & Cardoso, G. (2018) ‘Pósfácio- Carta de Princípios do Jornalismo na Era da Internet’. In: Cardoso, G., Pinto-Martinho, A. and Crespo, M. (eds.) Jornalismo, Indignação e Esperança. Lisboa: Mundos Sociais.
Graber, D. A. (1976) ‘Press and TV as Opinion Resources in Presidential Campaigns’, Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 40, Issue 3, Fall 1976, Pages 285–303. doi: 10.1086/268306.
Graefe, A. et al. (2018) ‘Readers’ perception of computer-generated news: Credibility, expertise, and readability’, Journalism, 19(5), pp. 595–610. doi: 10.1177/1464884916641269.
Graf-Vlachy, L. et al. (2020) ‘Media Coverage of Firms: Background, Integration, and Directions for Future Research’, Journal of Management, 46(1), pp. 36–69. doi: 10.1177/0149206319864155.
Gramsci, A. (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks. In: Hoare Q. and Nowell-Smith, G. (ed.), London: Lawrence & Wishart.
Gran, Anne-Britt, Booth, P. & Bucher T. (2020) ‘To be or not to be algorithm aware: a question of a new digital divide?’, Information, Communication & Society. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2020.1736124.
Granka, L. A. (2010) ’The Politics of Search: A Decade Retrospective’, The Information Society, 26:5, pp. 364-374. doi: 10.1080/01972243.2010.511560.
Granovetter, M. S. (1973) ‘The Strength of Weak Ties’, American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), pp. 1360–1380. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2776392
Greenfield, C. and Williams, P. (2007) ‘Financialization, finance rationality and the role of media in Australia’, Media, Culture & Society, 29(3), pp. 415–433. doi: 10.1177/0163443707076183.
Groot K. T. & Meijer, I. C. (2014) ‘Tailor-made news: Meeting the demands of news users on mobile and social media’, Journalism Studies, 15(5), pp. 632–641. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2014.894367.
Gruzd, A. et al. (2021) ‘Studying the COVID-19 infodemic at scale’, Big Data & Society. doi: 10.1177/20539517211021115.
Guadagno, R. E. et al. (2013) ‘What makes a video go viral? An analysis of emotional contagion and Internet memes’, Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), pp. 2312–2319. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.016.
Guo, L. & Vargo, C. (2020) ‘Fake News and Emerging Online Media Ecosystem: An Integrated Intermedia Agenda-Setting Analysis of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election’, Communication Research, 47(2), pp. 178–200. doi: 10.1177/0093650218777177.
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Research in Communication Sciences
At the end of the curricular unit, students should be able to:
LO1 - Understand the various stages of an investigation in communication sciences.
LO2 - Carry out a literature review on a scientific (sub)field of their thesis, managing to systematize and present the results of this review. Namely, main research agendas, themes, theories, authors, objects, problems, objectives, research designs and methodologies, as well as communication research challenges.
LO3 - Be able to develop a critical deconstruction exercise and theoretical-methodological problematization of investigations in communication.
LO4 - Be aware of the multiplicity of methodological devices within the framework of research in communication sciences in order to make more informed decisions.
P0 - Presentation of the UC: objectives, bibliography, schedule and evaluation.
P1 - How to design research in communication sciences
P2 - Literature review
P3 - How to critically analyze research in communication sciences
P4 - Methodological strategies
Assessment throughout the semester is broken down into the following components:
1) Presentation in class (30%)
2) Final written work (70%) according to the statement provided by the teacher.
Title: Treadwell, D., & Davis, A. (2019) Introducing communication research: Paths of inquiry (4ª. ed.), Londres, Sage
McQuail, Denis & M. Deuze (2020) McQuails Media and Mass Communication Theory (7ª. ed.), London; Sage
Kubitschko, S., & Kaun, A. (Eds.). (2016) Innovative methods in media and communication research. Cham, Palgrave Macmillan
Jensen, K. Bruhn (ed.) (2012) A handbook of media and communication research: qualitative and quantitative methodologies (2ª. ed.), London, Routledge
Hansen, Anders & Machin, David (2013) Media and communication research methods. London, Palgrave
Croucher, Stephen M. & Cronn-Mills, Daniel (2015) Understanding communication research methods: a theoretical and practical approach, New York, Routledge
Bryman, Alan (2016) Social Research Methods (5ª. ed.), Oxford, Oxford University Press
Berger, Arthur Asa (2019) Media and communication research methods: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches, Londres, Sage
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Title: Schrøder, K., Murray, C., Drotner, K. & Kline, S. (2003) Researching Audiences: A Practical Guide to Methods in Media Audience Analysis. London, Bloomsbury
Rose, G. (2012) Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials. London, Sage
van Leeuwen, Theo & Carey Jewitt (2008) Handbook of Visual Analysis, London, Sage
Quan-Haase, Anabel & Sloan, Luke (2022) The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods, 2ª edição. Sage
Halfpenny, Peter & Rob Procter (2016) Innovations in digital research methods, London, Sage
Griffin, E., Ledbetter, A. & Sparks, G. (2019). A First Look at Communication Theory (10ª edição). New York: McGraw Hill Education
Flick, U. (1998) An Introduction to Qualitative Research. London, Sage
de Vaus, David (2014, 6a ed) Surveys in Social Research, New York, Routledge
Croucher, S. & Daniel Cronn-Mills (2018) Understanding Communication Research Methods: A Theoretical and Practical Approach (2a ed), London, Routledge
Corbin, Juliet & Anselm Strauss (2015) Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory: Londres, Sage
Bertrand, Ina & Hughes, Peter (2017) Media Research Methods. Audiences, Institutions and Texts (2ª ed.) New York, Palgrave
Bauer, M. W., & Gaskell, G. D. (2000) Qualitative Researching with Text, Image and Sound: A Practical Handbook for Social Research. London, Sage
Balnaves, Mark; Stephanie H. Donald & B. Shoesmith (2009) Media Theories and Approaches. A Global Perspective, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Advanced Methods in Communication Sciences
Module I (M II)
- To identify and critically evaluate a variety of research methods used by the researchers in the field of communication.
- To promote the development of practical skills that allow the students to collect, analyze and display research data.
Main competences to acquire:
- Mastering the main methodologies applied to communicational contexts.
- Ability to identify a research issue, decide upon the research objectives and select methods and techniques to carry out the research.
Module II
To provide advanced training in treating the results of a qualitative research in a qualitatively way, through the ability to use the Content Analysis software MAXqda(R) in academic and professional contexts.
Module I
1. Theories and general approaches to the research themes.
2. The primacy of theory. Construction of analytical models.
2.1 Qualitative, quantitative and mixed research models.
3. Logical and deductive methodologies.
4. Comprehensive methodologies.
4.1 Principles, characteristics, objectives and base concepts.
4.2 Models and modelling qualitative research.
4.3 Major qualitative techniques for collecting information. Interviews, biographic approaches, observation.
5. Selection of units of observation and sampling.
Module II
Research design
Content Analysis: theory and method
Computer-Aided Content Analysis:
- Introduction to MAXqda
- Codification in MAXqda
- Automatic codification in Maxdictio
- MAXqda outputs
- MAXqda visual tools
- Theme relevance analysis: Articulation between MAXqda and Excel
- Quantitative content analysis: Statistical analysis based on conceptual categories
Individual work with a minimum mark of 10 and corresponding to 100% of the assessment.
The work has the structure of a research project that reflects on and deepens the methodologies and techniques to be used in Communication Sciences.
The assessment of this course does not include a final written exam.
Title: Bryman, Alan (2012), Social research methods. 4th Ed. Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
Lessard-Hébert, M; G. Goyette; G. Boutin (2005), Investigação Qualitativa ? Fundamentos e Práticas, Lisboa: Piaget
Ketele, J-M. e X. Roegiers (s/d), Metodologia de Recolha de Dados - Fundamentos dos Métodos de Observações, de Questionários, de Entrevistas e de Estudo de Documentos, Lisboa: Instituto Piaget.
Gigglione, R e B. Matalon (1992), O Inquérito-Teoria e prática, Oeiras: Celta.
Flick, U. (2005), Métodos Qualitativos na Investigação Científica, Lisboa: Monitor.
MÓDULO II
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2003). Mass Media Research: An Introduction. CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography: Principles in practice. London: Routladge.
Gunter, B. (2000). Media research methods: measuring audiences, reactions and impact. London: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design ? Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: Sage.
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Title: Guerra, I. C. (2006), Pesquisa Qualitativa e Análise de Conteúdo, Estoril: Principia.
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Internet Studies
The Learning Objectives (OA) are as follows:
OA1. Understand the historical development of Internet studies and its main theoretical references.
OA2. Critically analyze how the internet influences various aspects of society, including social interactions, culture, politics and economics.
OA3. Analyze current issues, such as digital inequalities, platformization and governance.
OA4. Assess the ethical and social implications of Internet technologies.
The OA are aligned with teaching methods. Classes provide an understanding of historical development and theoretical structures, reinforced through critical readings and seminars. Case studies and group discussions facilitate analysis of the impacts of the internet. Student presentations ensure familiarity with current and emerging issues. Ethical and social implications are integrated into the topics covered in the UC and in case studies.
CP1. Introduction to Internet Studies and its main theoretical frameworks
CP2. Beyond “Digital Dualisms”: Gender, the Body and intersectionality in the Digital Age
CP3. Digital inequalities: Divisions, access and Digital Participation
CP4. The impacts of digital networks on users’ daily and social lives
CP5. Platformization and the Political Economy of the Internet
CP6. Internet and epistemic, epistemological and communicational crises
CP7. Internet Networks, Governance and Policy
CP8. Power and Social Movements in the Digital Age
Assessment Structure:
Assessment will be carried out at two essential moments, designed to assess both students' understanding of key concepts and their ability to carry out original research.
Presentation of Text in Class (30% of Final Grade):
Description: Each student will choose a text related to one of the thematic areas of the course. They will present a critical review and analysis of the chosen text in class.
Objectives evaluated:
-Understand the historical development and theoretical foundations.
-Critically analyze social, cultural, political and economic impacts.
-Assess the ethical and social implications.
Evaluation criteria:
-Understanding and explanation of the main arguments and theories of the text.
-Critical analysis and ability to contextualize the text within the broader Internet studies literature.
-Clarity, coherence and depth of presentation.
-Engagement with the audience through questions and answers and discussions.
Final essay (70% of Final Grade):
Description: Students will write a critical and argued essay on a specific point in the UC program. This essay should demonstrate your ability to engage deeply with the course's content and provide a well-reasoned argument.
Objectives evaluated:
- Critical analysis of social, cultural, political and economic impacts.
- Identification of current and emerging issues.
- Assess the ethical and social implications.
Final essay evaluation criteria:
- Depth of analysis and argumentation.
- Integration of theoretical and empirical evidence.
- Clarity, coherence and organization of work.
- Originality and critical thinking demonstrated in argumentation.
Schedule and Deadlines:
Text Presentation:
Text selection and approval: By the end of Week 3.
Presentation dates: Scheduled over weeks 4 to 10, based on topic relevance.
Final essay:
Submission of proposal or essay outline: End of week 8.
This assessment structure ensures a balanced assessment of students' theoretical understanding, critical thinking and research skills, aligned with the learning objectives and course syllabus.
Title: Baldi, V. (2024). Otimizados e desencontrados: ética e crítica na era da inconsciência artificial. Braga: Húmus.
Cardoso G, (org) (2024). A Nova Comunicação. Coimbra: Almedina 2024
Cardoso, G. (2023). A comunicação da comunicação. As pessoas são a mensagem. Lisboa: Mundos Sociais.
Cardoso, G., da Costa, A. F., Coelho, A. R., & Pereira, A. (2015). A sociedade em rede em Portugal: uma década de transição. Coimbra: Almedina.
Castells, M. (2013). Communication power. Oxford: OUP Oxford.
Dutton, W. H. (Ed.). (2013). The Oxford handbook of internet studies. Oxford: OUP Oxford.
Espanha, R., & Lapa, T. (2019). Literacia dos novos media. Lisboa: Mundos sociais.
Van Dijck, J., Poell, T., & De Waal, M. (2018). The platform society: Public values in a connective world. Oxford university press.
Van Dijk, J. (2020). The digital divide. John Wiley & Sons.
Webster, F. (2014). Theories of the information society. Londres: Routledge.
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Title: Altay, S., Berriche, M., & Acerbi, A. (2023). Misinformation on misinformation: Conceptual and methodological challenges. Social media+ society, 9(1)
Burgess, J., Marwick, A., & Poell, T. (Eds.). (2017). The SAGE handbook of social media. Sage.
Cardoso, G. et al. (2013). A sociedade dos ecrãs. Lisboa: Tinta da China.
Cardoso, G., Lapa, T., & Di Fatima, B. (2016). People are the message? Social mobilization and social media in Brazil. International Journal of Communication, 10, 22.
Cardoso, G., Accornero, G., Lapa, T. & Azevedo, J. (2017). Social movements, participation and crisis in Europe. In Manuel Castells, Olivier Bouin, Joao Caraça, Gustavo Cardoso, John Thompson, Michel Wieviorka (Ed.), Europe’s crises. (pp. 405-427). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Dahlgren, P. (2018). Media, knowledge and trust: The deepening epistemic crisis of democracy. Javnost-The Public, 25(1-2), 20-27.
Evangelista, R., & Bruno, F. (2019). WhatsApp and political instability in Brazil: targeted messages and political radicalisation. Internet policy review, 8(4), 1-23.
Graham, M., & Dutton, W. H. (Eds.). (2019). Society and the internet: How networks of information and communication are changing our lives. Oxford University Press.
Helsper, E. J. (2021) The digital disconnect: the causes and consequences of digital inequalities. EBSCOhost
Hirsch-Kreinsen, H. (2023). Artificial intelligence: A “promising technology”. AI & SOCIETY, 1-12.
Kitchin, R. (2014). The data revolution: Big data, open data, data infrastructures and their consequences. Sage.
Lapa, T. et al (2018) “As desigualdades digitais e a sociedade portuguesa: divisão, continuidades e mudanças” In Carmo et al (Orgs.) Desigualdades Sociais: Portugal e a Europa, Lisboa: Mundos Sociais.
Lima-Quintanilha, T., Torres-da-Silva, M., & Lapa, T. (2019). Fake news and its impact on trust in the news. Using the Portuguese case to establish lines of differentiation. Communication & Society, 32(3), 17-33.
Munn, L. (2022). Thinking through silicon: Cables and servers as epistemic infrastructures. New Media & Society, 24(6), 1399-1416.
Rowell, L., & Call-Cummings, M. (2020). Knowledge Democracy, Action Research, the Internet and the Epistemic Crisis. Journal of Futures Studies, 24(4).
Tsatsou, P. (2016). Internet studies: Past, present and future directions. Routledge.
Üzelgün, M. A., Giannouli, I., Archontaki, I., Odstrčilová, K., Thomass, B., & Álvares, C. (2024). Transforming Toxic Debates towards European Futures: Technological Disruption, Societal Fragmentation, and Enlightenment 2.0. Central European Journal of Communication, 17.
Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism. Profile Books.
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Media and Socio-Cultural Mediations
1-To address communication through media,as a process of creation of meaning and social action.To consider the characteristics of media and media systems in their context(how they articulate social,cultural,economic and political agreements and interests).To recognize media performance and action through media as a vehicle of social mediation and as an opportunity enhancer that: is originated and tends to reproduce society?s power relations; enables influence relations, which depend on involvement and participation; promotes knowledge,sharing and relating to others,culture and entertainment, profitability,power,control and domination,and can be challenged and opposed to. 2-To endorse theoretical knowledge and the ability to analyse media performance as communication and mediation resources,applied to different aspects of social life. 3-To develop capabilities to research,select and apprehend approaches and themes, formulation and presentation of self reflection and questioning.
ProgramThis curricular unit?s syllabus seeks theoretical and analytical comprehension of the issues related to the clarification of the social role that media play in contemporary times.
General theme
Communication, media and mediations in the era of digital networks.
Specific themes
Communication, media and mediation.
Media, mediation and symbolic power.
Information, knowledge, journalism and media.
Media, culture and entertainment.
Media, sociability and community.
Media, publics and audiences.
Media, consumption and identity.
Media, public opinion, politics and democracy.
Media, innovation and social change.
The evaluation will consider participation in presentations, debates and seminars, and also the classification obtained in the final paper: work developed under a theme selected by the doctoral student, in agreement with the teacher, and that is relevant to the curricular unit, between 3000 and 5000 words (around ten A4 pages).
BibliographyTitle: LEISS et al,1990, Social Communication in Advertising, Routledge
LASH & LURRY,2007, Global Cultures industry, Polity
K. MONTGOMERY,2009, Generation Digital, MIT,Press
J. JONES,2004, Entertaining Politics, Rowman & Littlefield
J. CURRAN et al 2009, ?Media System, Public Knowledge and Democracy?, E J of Communication 24, Sage
H.ORNEBRING, et al(2004),?Tabloid Journalism and the Public Sphere?,Journalism Studies,5:3, Sage
G. MARCUS, 2002,Emotion in democratic politics, Pennsylvania U Press
CROTEAU & HOYNES,2005,Corporate Media and the Public Interest, Pine Forge
R. SILVERSTONE,2005,?The Sociology of Mediation and Communication?, in CALHOUN et al, The Handbook of Sociology, Sage
COWHEY & ARONSON,2009,The Political Economy of Innovation, MIT Press
CARON & CARONIA,2007,Mobile communication in everyday life, Montréal, McGill U Press
BRETON & PROULX, 2002,L?Explosion de la Communication a l?Aube du XXIe Siècle, La Découverte
BRIGS & BURKE, 2002,A Social History of the Media, Polity
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Strategic Communication
It is intended to frame the advertising as an element of the media system. It is also intended to reveal the advertising as a discourse that emphasizes the new, the ideal of youth, the ephemeral, the aesthetics of the products and the construction of imaginative universes.
Another purpose of this seminar will be to promote the reflection and discussion about which of the scenarios presented by White e Mazur (1995) will be the truly relevant one in order to highlight the Public Relations future both as a professional activity and as a theoretical subject.
It is intended, therefore, encourage critical thinking and the skills that enable all who wish to become researchers in the field of Strategic Communication, Public Relations and Communication in the Public Interest a high degree of knowledge and capacity for critical reflection on the fundamentals, problems and developments of this discipline, both in its theoretical assumptions and of their professional practice.
This course is organized in thematic units:
In the first it will be addressed the issues of advertising and communication strategy, the relevance of the communication objectives, the advertising discourse, the persuasion and appeals, and the psychological dimension of the consumption act.
In the second part we will work the notion of "communication" within the framework defined by the Public Relations:
a) the communication is not an addendum to our actions but a special kind of human action, an intentional human action,
b) what we say exceeds what we mean,
c) language is embedded in our human activities, in our life world.
The PR as a strategic function of integration and social development, enabling organizations to understand and adapt to their environment, promoting and encouraging the negotiation between different groups in order to achieve social and economic development.
Doctoral students will be assessed through an individual research.
Title: White, J. e E Mazur, L. [1995] Strategic Communications Management, Addison, England.
Veríssimo, J.(2008) O corpo na Publicidade, Lisboa:Edições Colibri
Tellis, Geradrd (2004), Effective Advertising, Sage Publications, Califórnia
Searle, J. R.[1969] Speech Acts,An Essay in the Philosophy of Language, Cambridge University Press, New York, reimpresso 1994
Percy, Larry, Elliott, Richard (2005), Strategic Advertising Management, New York., Oxford University Press,
Lipovestky, Jilles(2007) A felicidade paradoxal, Lisboa, Edições 70
Grice, H. P.[1957] ?Meaning?, Philosophical Review, 66
Falconi, T.[2004] Governare le relazioni ? obiettivi, strumenti e modelli delle relazioni pubbliche, il sole 24 ORE, Milão.
Dilenshneider,R.[2010] The AMA Handbook of Public Relations, AMA, New York
De Pelsmacker P.; Geuens M.; Van den Bergh J.(2004), Marketing Communications - A European Perspective, London: Prentice Hall
Adam,J-M. & Bonhomme, M.(2000) La Argumentación Publicitaria, Madrid, Catedra
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
2nd Cycle Internship
The learning outcomes of the Internship are adapted to each internship and the institution where it is developed. These are:
LO1. To acquire technical skills linked to methods and techniques for action within different kinds of institutions related to the general objectives and learning outcomes of the master's degree;
LO2. To develop research and action-research skills within organizations related to the master's degree;
LO3. To prepare an internship report that reveals analytical reflection of the professional or academic context;
LO4. Develop indicators for recording and evaluating professional practice.
1. Topic and problem of the internship
2. Internship plan
3. Theoretical and methodological framework
4. Methodology of collaborative action research
5. Evaluation
6. Report
Individual report, which contains the following elements:
a) Characterization of the institutional context (history, organization, policies and services, activities, organizational structure and functioning);
b) Framing the internship institution;
c) Description of the activities developed (roles, responsibilities, agents, work processes, methodologies used)
d) Critical and theoretically based conclusions
e) References
The UC does not contemplate the modality of evaluation by Exam.
Title: - Sweitzer, H. Frederick e King, Mary A. (2014), The Successful Internship: Personal, Professional, and Civic Development in Experiential Learning, Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
- Reeher, Gant e Mariani, Mack (2002), The Insider's Guide To Political Internships: What To Do Once You're In The Door, Nova Iorque: Basic Books
- Neves, José, Garrido, Margarida, Simões Eduardo (2008), Manual de Competências Pessoais, Interpessoais e Instrumentais. Teoria e Prática, Lisboa: Editora SÍLABO
- Della Porta, Donatella e Keating Michael (eds.) (2008) Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. A Pluralist Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Courtney, Roger (2013), Strategic Management in the Third Sector, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
- Capucha, Luís (2008), Planeamento e Avaliação de Projetos. Guião Prático, Lisboa: ME/DGIDC
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Phd Thesis in Communication
Students who successfully complete this course will be able to, in the context of the field of communication sciences:
OA1. Identify, analyse and critically judge scientific problems and results;
LO2. Use and explain theories and concepts as well as research methods and skills;
LO3. Plan and carry out scientific research according to international quality standards;
LO4. Produce and present relevant and original research that contributes to the advancement of knowledge and merits national and international dissemination in publications with scientific evaluation;
LO5. Critically analyse, evaluate and synthesise new and complex ideas relating to science and the social world in general and in the area of communication sciences in particular;
LO6. Communicate with peers, the scientific community and society in general and explain research results;
LO7. Apply principles and rules of research ethics.
The programme contents (CPs) will be adjusted each year to the research projects presented and carried out by the doctoral students, and will include:
a) a tutorial component, with specific topics for each student, provided by their supervisors;
b) a seminar component, with discussion of topics of common interest on research and analysis in communication sciences and based on the presentation of intermediate results of their research by the doctoral students and comments by the professors;
c) a conference component, debating research and analyses of a high scientific standard, carried out and in progress, presented by leading national and international researchers and academics;
d) a public presentation of the work at a Doctoral Colloquium in Communication Sciences.
Every year doctoral students submit research papers to the doctoral research seminar and a progress report (for the transition year) which is assessed by the Evaluation Panel appointed by the doctoral scientific committee. In the 3rd year they present a paper at the Doctoral Colloquium. Participation in the international cycle is monitored. The thesis is publicly discussed and assessed by a scientific jury (articles 31 and 32 of the ISCTE-IUL NRGD).
|
Participation and intervention in seminars and conferences will be evaluated by the teacher, that will document this evaluation to finish the study cycle, and any negative evaluation will compromise the thesis? presentation.
Title: Não se aplica/ Not applicable
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Title: H. Dutton, W. (2014) ‘Putting things to work: social and policy challenges for the Internet of things’, info, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 1-21. doi: 10.1108/info-09-2013-0047.
Habermas, J. (1984) The Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. I: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Boston: Beacon.
Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Habermas, J. (1991) ‘A reply’. In: Honneth, A and Joas, H. (eds.) Communicative Action. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Habermas, J. (1998) On the Pragmatics of Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Habermas, J. (2013) ‘ Democracy in Europe Today’ (Conference Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian). Lisboa, 29 de Outubro de 2013.
Haenlein, M. et al. (2020) ‘Navigating the New Era of Influencer Marketing: How to be Successful on Instagram, TikTok, & Co.’, California Management Review, 63(1), pp. 5–25. doi: 10.1177/0008125620958166.
Hall, S. (1980) ‘Encoding/Decoding’. In Hall, S. et al. (eds.) Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies 1972-79. Oxford: Routledge.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. (2004) An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Oxford: Routledge.
Hallin, D.C., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hallinan, B. & Striphas, T. (2016) ‘Recommended for you: The Netflix Prize and the production of algorithmic culture’, New Media & Society, 18(1), pp. 117–137. doi: 10.1177/1461444814538646.
Halpern, D. & Gibbs, J. (2013) ‘Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation? Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression’, Computers in Human Behavior, 29, pp. 1159-1168. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.008.
Hameleers, M. & van der Meer, T. G. L. A. (2020) ‘Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice Media Environment: How Effective Are Political Fact-Checkers?’, Communication Research, 47(2), pp. 227–250. doi: 10.1177/0093650218819671.
Hameleers, M. et al. (2020) ‘A Picture Paints a Thousand Lies? The Effects and Mechanisms of Multimodal Disinformation and Rebuttals Disseminated via Social Media’, Political Communication, 37:2, pp. 281-301, doi: 10.1080/10584609.2019.1674979.
Hamelink, C. & Nordenstreng, K. (2007) ‘Towards Democratic Media Governance’. In E. De Bens (ed.) Media Between Culture and Commerce. Changing Media – Changing Europe Series, Volume 4. Bristol, UK: Intellect.
Hanitzsch, T. et al. (2019) Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures Around the Globe. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hannah, M. N. (2021) ‘A Conspiracy of Data: QAnon, Social Media, and Information Visualization’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/20563051211036064.
Hanretty, C. (2014) ‘Media outlets and their moguls: Why concentrated individual or family ownership is bad for editorial independence’, European Journal of Communication, 29(3), pp. 335–350. doi: 10.1177/0267323114523150.
Harcup, T. & O'Neill, D. (2001) ‘What Is News? Galtung and Ruge revisited’, Journalism Studies, 2:2, 261-280. doi: 10.1080/14616700118449.
Harcup, T. & O'Neill, D. (2017) ‘What is News? News values revisited (again)’, Journalism Studies, 18:12, 1470-1488. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193.
Hare, S. & Baker, A. (2017) ‘Keepin’ It Real: Authenticity, Commercialization, and the Media in Korean Hip Hop’, SAGE Open. doi: 10.1177/2158244017710294.
Hargittai, E. (2007) ‘The Social, Political, Economic, and Cultural Dimensions of Search Engines: An Introduction’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12: 769-777. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00349.x.
Hart, R. P. (2022) ‘Why Trump Lost and How? A Rhetorical Explanation’, American Behavioral Scientist, 66(1), pp. 7–27. doi: 10.1177/0002764221996760.
Hartley, J. M., & Pedersen, L. H. (2019) ‘Beyond the Informed Citizen? Narratives of news engagement and civic experiences among Danish news users’, MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research, 35(66), pp. 055–074. doi:mediekultur.v35i66.112626.
Hartmann, M. (2009) ‘The Changing Urban Landscapes of Media Consumption and Production’, European Journal of Communication, 24(4), pp. 421–436. doi: 10.1177/0267323109345521.
Hartmann, M. (2013) ‘From domestication to mediated mobilism’, Mobile Media & Communication, 1(1), pp. 42–49. doi: 10.1177/2050157912464487.
Hartmann, Maren (2006) ‘The triple articulation of ICTs: Media as technological objects, symbolic environments and individual texts’. In Berker, T. et al. (eds.) Domestication of media and technology. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Harvey, D. (1997). The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change. Oxford: Blackwell.
Harvey, D. (2006) Spaces of Global Capitalism: Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development. London: Verso Books.
Haucap, J. & Heimeshoff, U. (2013) ‘Google, Facebook, Amazon, eBay: Is the internet driving competition or market monopolization?’, DICE Discussion Paper, No. 83, ISBN 978-3-86304-082-6, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Düsseldorf. Available at: https://d-nb.info/1029757674/34.
Hearn, A. & Banet-Weiser, S. (2020) ‘The Beguiling: Glamour in/as Platformed Cultural Production’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305119898779.
Hearn, A., & Schoenhoff, S. (2016) ‘From Celebrity to Influencer: Tracing the Diffusion of Celebrity Value across the Data Stream’. In: Marshall, P. D. and Redmond S. (eds.) A Companion to Celebrity. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
Helberger, N. (2018) ‘Challenging diversity – social media platforms and a new conception of media diversity’. In Moore, M. and Sonvilla-Weiss, D. (2018) Digital dominance. The Power of Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Held, D. (1989) Political Theory and the Modern State. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hellsten, I., Leydesdorff, L. & Wouters, P. (2006) ‘Multiple presents: how search engines rewrite the past’, New Media & Society, 8(6), pp. 901–924. doi: 10.1177/1461444806069648.
Henfridsson, O., Mathiassen, L. & Svahn, F. (2014) ‘Managing Technological Change in the Digital Age: The Role of Architectural Frames’, Journal of Information Technology, 29(1), pp. 27–43. doi: 10.1057/jit.2013.30.
Hepp, A. (2013) Cultures of Mediatization. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hepp, A., Hjarvard, S. & Lundby, K. (2015) ‘Mediatization: theorizing the interplay between media, culture and society’, Media, Culture & Society, 37(2), pp. 314–324. doi: 10.1177/0163443715573835.
Herb, U. (2010) ’Sociological implications of scientific publishing: Open access, science, society, democracy and the digital divide’, First Monday, 15(2). doi: 10.5210/fm.v15i2.2599.
Herbst, Susan (2001) ‘Public Opinion Infrastructures: Meanings, Measures, Media’, Political Communication, 18:4, pp. 451-464. doi: 10.1080/10584600152647146.
Herman, E. & McChesney, R. (1997) The Global Media. The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Herrero-Diz, P., Conde-Jiménez, J. & Reyes de Cózar, S. (2020) ‘Teens’ Motivations to Spread Fake News on WhatsApp’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305120942879.
Hesmondhalgh, D. (2013). The cultural industries. Los Angeles: Sage.
Hesmondhalgh, D. & Pratt, A. C. (2005) ‘Cultural industries and cultural policy’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 11:1, pp. 1-13. doi: 10.1080/10286630500067598.
Hey, T., Tansley, S. & Tolle, K. (2009)’Jim Grey on eScience: A transformed scientific method.’. In: Hey, T., Tansley, S., & Tolle, K. (eds.) The Fourth Paradigm: Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery. Redmond: Microsoft Research. Available at: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2009/10/Fourth_Paradigm.pdf
Heyne L. & Manucci, L. (2021) ‘A new Iberian exceptionalism? Comparing the populist radical right electorate in Portugal and Spain’, Political Research Exchange, 3:1, 1989985. doi: 10.1080/2474736X.2021.1989985.
Hill, A. (2005) Reality TV: Audiences and Popular Factual Television. Oxford: Routledge.
Himanen, P. (2006) Challenges of the Global Information Society, in Castells M. and Cardoso, G. (eds.) The Network Society: From Knowledge to Policy. Washington DC: Johns Hopkins Center for Transatlantic Relations.
Himanen, P., Torvalds, L. & Castells, M. (2001). The Hacker Ethic, and the Spirit of the Information Age. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks.
Himelboim, I. & Golan, G. J. (2019) ‘A Social Networks Approach to Viral Advertising: The Role of Primary, Contextual, and Low Influencers’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305119847516.
Hintz, A., Dencik, L. & Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2019) Digital citizenship in a datafied society. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Hirschman, A. O. (1974). “Exit, voice, and loyalty”: Further reflections and a survey of recent contributions. Social Science Information, 13(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847401300101
Hirsto, H. (2011) 'Everyday discourses of stock market investing: Searching for investor power and responsibility', Consumption Markets & Culture, 14: 1, pp. 57 — 77. doi: 10.1080/10253866.2011.541176.
Hjarvard, S. (2008) ‘The Mediatization of Society: A Study of Media as Agents of Social and Cultural Change’, Nordicom Review, 2008, Vol. 29, No. 1, p. 113. Available at: https://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/kapitel-pdf/269_hjarvard.pdf
Hodge, R. & Kress, G. (1988) Social Semiotics. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Hogan, M. (2015) ‘Facebook Data Storage Centers as the Archive’s Underbelly’, Television & New Media, 16(1), pp. 3–18. doi: 10.1177/1527476413509415.
Holt, K. (2012) ‘Authentic Journalism? A Critical Discussion about Existential Authenticity in Journalism Ethics’, Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 27:1, pp. 2-14. doi: 10.1080/08900523.2012.636244.
Hope, W. (2010). Time, Communication, and Financial Collapse, International Journal of Communication 4, pp. 649–669. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/799/440
Hopmann, D. N. & Strömbäck, J. (2010) ‘The rise of the media punditocracy? Journalists and media pundits in Danish election news 1994—2007’, Media, Culture & Society, 32(6), pp. 943–960. doi: 10.1177/0163443710379666.
Horbyk, R. (2020) ‘Road to the Stadium: Televised Election Debates and "Non-Debates" in Ukraine. Between Spectacle and Democratic Instrument’. In: Juárez-Gámiz, J., Holtz-Bacha, C. and Schroeder, A. (eds.) Routledge International Handbook on Electoral Debates. Oxford: Routledge.
Horkheimer, M. & Adorno, T. (2002). Dialectic of Enlightenment. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Horner, C.G. et al. (2021) ‘Emotions: The Unexplored Fuel of Fake News on Social Media’, Journal of Management Information Systems, 38:4, pp. 1039-1066. doi: 10.1080/07421222.2021.1990610.
Horst, H., Sinanan, J. & Hjorth, L. (2021) ‘Storing and sharing: Everyday relationships with digital material’, New Media & Society, 23(4), pp. 657–671. doi: 10.1177/1461444820953517.
Horton R. (2021) The COVID-19 Catastrophe: What’s gone wrong and how to stop it happening again. Cambridge: Polity.
Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelley, H. H. (1953) Communication and persuasion; psychological studies of opinion change. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Hu, T. H., (2016) A Prehistory of the Cloud. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Huang, Y. & Miao, W. (2021) ‘Re-domesticating social media when it becomes disruptive: Evidence from China’s “super app” WeChat’, Mobile Media & Communication, 9(2), pp. 177–194. doi: 10.1177/2050157920940765.
Huffman, S., &d M. Hochster. (2007) ‘ How well does result relevance predict satisfaction’, Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 567–574. doi: 10.1145/1277741.1277839.
Humprecht, E. (2020) ‘How Do They Debunk “Fake News”? A Cross-National Comparison of Transparency in Fact Checks’, Digital Journalism, 8:3, pp. 310-327. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2019.1691031.
Hunter, M. L. et al. (2013) ‘The Agenda-Setting Power of Stakeholder Media’, California Management Review, 56(1), pp. 24–49. doi: 10.1525/cmr.2013.56.1.24.
Hurley, Z. (2019) ‘Imagined Affordances of Instagram and the Fantastical Authenticity of Female Gulf-Arab Social Media Influencers’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305118819241.
Illouz, E. (2008). Saving the Modern Soul: Therapy, Emotions, and the Culture of Self-Help. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Iloh, C. (2021) ‘Do It for the Culture: The Case for Memes in Qualitative Research’, International Journal of Qualitative Methods. doi: 10.1177/16094069211025896.
Introna, L. D. & Nissenbaum, H. (2000) ’Shaping the Web: Why the Politics of Search Engines Matters’, The Information Society, 16:3, pp. 169-185. doi: 10.1080/01972240050133634.
Iosifides, P. (1999) ‘Diversity versus Concentration in the Deregulated Mass Media Domain’, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(1), pp. 152–162. doi: 10.1177/107769909907600111.
Jacobsen, B. N. & Beer, D. (2021) ‘Quantified Nostalgia: Social Media, Metrics, and Memory’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/20563051211008822.
Jankowski, N. W. (2007) ‘Exploring e-Science: An Introduction’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Volume 12, Issue 2, 1 January 2007, pp. 549–562. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00337.x.
Jarrahi, M. (2015) ‘Digital and Physical Materiality of Information Technologies: The Case of Fitbit Activity Tracking Devices’, 48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS). Kauai, HI, 5–8 January.
Jayakar, K., & Park, E. A. (2020) ‘Emergence of OTT Video and the Production Expenditures of Established Audiovisual Producers’, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 64(5), 836-857. doi: 10.1080/08838151.2020.1842688.
Jenkins H. (2006) Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: NYU Press.
Jenkins, H. (2004) ‘The Cultural Logic of Media Convergence’, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(1), pp. 33–43. doi: 10.1177/1367877904040603.
Jenkins, H. (2006a). Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. Chicago: The MacArthur Foundation.
Jenkins, H. (2011) ‘Transmedia 202: Further reflections’. Available at: http://henryjenkins.org/2011/08/defining_transmedia_further_re.html
Jenner, M. (2018). Netflix & the Re-invention of Television. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jensen, J. L. (2005) ‘Political Participation Online: The Internet as a Social and Political Field’. In: S., Oates, D. Owen & R. Gibson (eds.) Civil Society, Democracy and the Internet: A Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Routledge.
Jensen, J. L. (2013) ‘Political Participation Online: The Replacement and the Mobilisation Hypotheses Revisited’, Scandinavian Political Studies, 36: pp. 347-364. doi: 10.1111/1467-9477.12008.
Joachims, T. et al. (2007) ‘Evaluating the accuracy of implicit feedback from clicks and query reformulations in Web search’, ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), 25(2). doi: 10.1145/1229179.1229181.
Johansson, S. (2007) Reading Tabloids: Tabloid Newspapers and their Readers. Stockholm: Södertörns högskola.
John, N. A. (2013) ‘Sharing and Web 2.0: The emergence of a keyword’, New Media & Society, 15(2), pp. 167–182. doi: 10.1177/1461444812450684.
Jones-Jang, S. M., Mortensen, T. & Liu, J. (2021) ‘Does Media Literacy Help Identification of Fake News? Information Literacy Helps, but Other Literacies Don’t’, American Behavioral Scientist, 65(2), pp. 371–388. doi: 10.1177/0002764219869406.
Joskow, P. L., (2007) ‘Regulation of Natural Monopoly’. In: Polinsky, A. M. & Shavell, S. (eds.) Handbook of Law and Economics, edition 1, volume 2. Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/S1574-0730(07)02016-6.
Jukes, S. (2022) News Agencies Anachronism or Lifeblood of the Media System?. Oxford: Routledge.
Kahne, J., Lee, N., & Feezell, J. (2012) ‘Digital Media Literacy Education and Online Civic and Political Participation’, International Journal Of Communication, 6, 24. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/999/675
Kaivo-oja, J., Miles, I., & Keenan, M. (2003). Handbook of Knowledge Society Foresight. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Available at: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2003/50/en/1/ef0350en.pdf
Kallinikos, J. Aaltonen, A. & Marton, A. (2013) ‘The ambivalent ontology of digital artifacts’, MIS Q. 37, 2 (June 2013), pp. 357–370. doi: 10.25300/MISQ/2013/37.2.02.
Kaminskij, K. (2022) ‘Joker as the Servant of the People. Volodymyr Zelensky. Russophone Entertainment and the Performative Turn in World Politics’, Russian Literature, Volume 127, 2022, pp.151-175. doi:10.1016/j.ruslit.2021.10.001.
Kaptan, Y. (2021) ‘Down-to-Earth TV dramas: The reception of authenticity, reality, and modality in Danish TV dramas’, Critical Studies in Television, 16(4), pp. 375–393. doi: 10.1177/17496020211046333.
Karidi, M. (2018) ‘News Media Logic on the Move?’, Journalism Studies, 19:9, pp. 1237-1256. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2016.1266281.
Karlsen, F. (2020). ‘Digital Detox Camp: Values and Motivations for Engaging in Digital Disconnect’, AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research. doi: 10.5210/spir.v2020i0.11244.
Katz, E. (2009) ‘The End of Television?’, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 625(1), pp. 6–18. doi: 10.1177/0002716209337796.
Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955) Personal influence: the part played by people in the flow of mass communications. New York: Free Press.
Kefford, G., Moffitt, B. & Werner, A. (2021) ‘Populist Attitudes: Bringing Together Ideational and Communicative Approaches’, Political Studies. doi: 10.1177/0032321721997741.
Keller, T. R. & Klinger, U. (2019) ‘Social Bots in Election Campaigns: Theoretical, Empirical, and Methodological Implications’, Political Communication, 36:1, pp. 171-189. doi: 10.1080/10584609.2018.1526238.
Kelly, D. & Teevan, J. (2003) ‘Implicit feedback for inferring user preference: a bibliography’, SIGIR Forum 37, 2 (Fall 2003), pp. 18–28. doi: 10.1145/959258.959260.
Kelly, J. (2022) ‘“This Title Is No Longer Available”: Preserving Television in the Streaming Age’, Television & New Media, 23(1), pp. 3–21. doi: 10.1177/1527476420928480.
Kelly, J. W. Fisher, D. & Smith, M. (2006) ‘Friends, foes, and fringe: norms and structure in political discussion networks’, Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Digital government research (dg.o '06). Digital Government Society of North America, 412–417. doi: 10.1145/1146598.1146727.
Kennedy, H., Poell, T. & van Dijck, J. (2015) ‘Data and agency’, Big Data & Society. doi: 10.1177/2053951715621569.
Kent, A. & Esaiasson, P. (1996). The Modernization of Swedish Campaigns: Individualization, Professionalization, and Medialization. In: Swanson D. L. and Mancini P. (ed.) Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy: An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Khurana, R. (2007). From higher aims to hired hands: The social transformation of business schools and the unfulfilled promise of management as a profession. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Kilby, J. (2013) ‘An interview with Michel Wieviorka: Violence, evil, and good’, European Journal of Social Theory, 16(3), pp. 377–390. doi: 10.1177/1368431013476580.
Kim, S.-H., Scheufele, D. A. & Shanahan, J. (2002) ‘Think about it This Way: Attribute Agenda-Setting Function of the Press and the public’s Evaluation of a Local Issue’, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(1), pp. 7–25. doi: 10.1177/107769900207900102.
Kincaid, J. (2010) ‘EdgeRank: The secret sauce that makes Facebook’s news feed tick’, Techcrunch. Available at: http://techcrunch.com/2010/04/22/facebook-edgerank
Kitchin, R. (2014) The Data Revolution: Big Data, Open Data, Data Infrastructures & Their Consequences. London: Sage.
Kitzinger, J. (1999) ‘A sociology of media power: key issues in audience reception research’. In: Philo, G. (ed.) Message received. Harlow: Longman
Kleinnijenhuis, J. et al. (2013) ‘Financial news and market panics in the age of high-frequency sentiment trading algorithms’, Journalism, 14(2), pp. 271–291. doi: 10.1177/1464884912468375.
Kligler-Vilenchik, N. (2017) ‘Alternative citizenship models: Contextualizing new media and the new “good citizen”’, New Media & Society, 19(11), pp. 1887–1903. doi: 10.1177/1461444817713742.
Klopčič, A.L. et al. (2020) ‘Global Transition to the Subscription Economy: Literature Review on Business Model Changes in the Media Landscape’, Managing Global Transitions 18 (4): pp. 323–348. doi: 10.26493/1854-6935.18.323-348.
Knowles, S., Philips, G. & Lidberg, J. (2017) ‘Reporting the global financial crisis’, Journalism Studies 18(3): pp. 322–340. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2015.1058182.
Koch, S. & Schneider, G. (2002) ‘Effort, co-operation and co-ordination in an open-source software project: GNOME’, Information Systems Journal, 12: 27-42. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00110.x.
Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2007) The elements of journalism: what newspeople should know and the public should expect. New York: Three Rivers Press.
Kreling, R., Meier, A. & Reinecke, L. (2022) ‘Feeling Authentic on Social Media: Subjective Authenticity Across Instagram Stories and Posts’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/20563051221086235.
Kress, G. R. & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006) Reading images : the grammar of visual design. Oxford: Routledge.
Kuhn, T. S. (2012) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: 50th Anniversary Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kumar, N. & Parikh, T. S. (2013) ‘Mobiles, music, and materiality’, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. Paris, France, 27 April–2 May 2013, pp. 2863–2872. New York, NY: ACM. doi: 10.1145/2470654.2481396.
Küng, L. (2011) ‘Managing strategy and maximizing innovation in media organizations’. In: Deuze, M. (ed.) Managing Media Work. London: Sage.
Küng, L. (2012) Inside the BBC and CNN: Managing media organisations. Oxford: Routledge.
Küng, L. (2016) Strategic management in the media: Theory to practice. London: Sage.
Kurzman, C., et al. (2007) ‘Celebrity Status’, Sociological Theory, 25: pp. 347-367. doi: 1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00313.x.
Kushnir, O. (2022) ‘The great dichotomy: How experiences of history and transcendence explain Ukraine’s political life’, New Perspectives, 30(1), pp. 119–139. doi: 10.1177/2336825X211066449.
Lalancette, M. & Raynauld, V. (2019) ‘The Power of Political Image: Justin Trudeau, Instagram, and Celebrity Politics’, American Behavioral Scientist, 63(7), pp. 888–924. doi: 10.1177/0002764217744838.
Langer, J. (1981) ‘Television’s ‘Personality System’’, Media, Culture & Society, 3(4), pp. 351–365. doi: 10.1177/016344378100300405.
Larson, S. (2017) ’Web inventor: Internet should 'promote truth'’. Available at: https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/04/technology/tim-berners-lee-open-web-democracy-truth
Larsson, A. O. (2018) ‘I Shared the News Today, oh Boy’, Journalism Studies, 19:1, pp. 43-61, doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2016.1154797.
Lash, S. (2018). Experience. Cambridge,UK: Polity.
Lash, S., & Lurry, C. (2007). Global Culture Industry. The Mediation of Things. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Lasswell, H. (1960) ‘The structure and function of communication’. In: Schramm, W. and Roberts, D. F. (1971) The Process and Effects of Mass Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Lasswell, H. (1960) ‘The structure and function of mass communication in society’ in Schramm, W. (ed.) Mass Communications. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berelson, B. & Gaudet, H. (1948) The People's Choice; How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lee, C. S. & Ma, L. (2012) ’News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and prior experience’, Computers in Human Behavior, 28, pp. 331-339. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.002.
Lee, M. (2012) ‘Time and the Political Economy of Financial Television’, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 36(4), pp. 322–339. doi: 10.1177/0196859912459654.
Lee, M. (2014) ‘A Review of Communication Scholarship on the Financial Markets and the Financial Media’, International Journal Of Communication, 8, 22. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2408
Lemghalef, L. (2010) ‘Information plurality, the financial sector, and the fate of Reuters News agency: Policy and problems surrounding the Thomson Reuters merger’. MSc in Politics and Communication, Master Thesis. Available at: https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/assets/documents/research/msc-dissertations/2009/Lemghalef.pdf
Lenton, A. P., Slabu, L. & Sedikides, C. (2016) ‘State Authenticity in Everyday Life’, European Journal of Personality, 30(1), pp. 64–82. doi: 10.1002/per.2033.
Leong, L. (2020) ’Domesticating Algorithms: An Exploratory Study of Facebook Users in Myanmar’, The Information Society, 36:2, 97-108. doi: 10.1080/01972243.2019.1709930.
Lessig, L. (2004) Free Culture. How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity. New York: The Penguin Press.
Lessig, L. (2005) ‘Commons on the Wires’. In: Hartley, J. (ed.) Creative Industries. Oxford: Blackwell.
Levi-Strauss, C. (1968) The savage mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lévy, P. (2005) ‘Collective Intelligence, a Civilisation: Towards a Method of Positive Interpretation’, International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 18(3/4), pp. 189–198. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20059682
Lewandowsky, S. et al. (2012) ‘Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing’, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(3), pp. 106–131. doi: 10.1177/1529100612451018.
Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., & Cook, J. (2017) ‘Beyond misinformation: Understanding and coping with the “post-truth” era’, Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 6(4), pp. 353–369. doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2017.07.008.
Lewin, K. (1947) ‘Frontiers in Group Dynamics: II. Channels of Group Life; Social Planning and Action Research’, Human Relations, 1(2), pp. 143–153. doi: 10.1177/001872674700100201.
Lewin, K. (1951) Field theory in social science: Selected theoretical papers. New York: Harper.
Lewis, S. C. & Westlund, O. (2015) ‘Actors, Actants, Audiences, and Activities in Cross-Media News Work’, Digital Journalism, 3:1, 19-37. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2014.927986.
Li, J. & Su, M-H. (2020) ‘Real Talk About Fake News: Identity Language and Disconnected Networks of the US Public’s “Fake News” Discourse on Twitter’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305120916841.
Lichtenstein, D. & Koerth, K. (2022) ‘Different shows, different stories: How German TV formats challenged the government’s framing of the Ukraine crisis’, Media, War & Conflict, 15(2), pp. 125–145. doi: 10.1177/1750635220909977.
Lichter, S. R. (2017) ‘Theories of media bias’. In: Kenski, K. and Jamieson, K. H. (eds.) The Oxford handbook of political communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lindstädt-Dreusicke, N., & Budzinski, O. (2020) ‘The video-on-demand market in Germany: Dynamics, market structure and the (special) role of YouTube’, Journal of Media Management and Entrepreneurship (JMME), 2(1), pp. 108-123. doi 10.4018/JMME.2020010107.
Ling, L. et al. (2014) ‘Firm Celebrity, Reputation and Performance: A Social Media Perspective’, PACIS 2014 Proceedings. 205. Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2014/205
Lipietz, A. (1994) Towards a New Economic Order: Postfordism, Ecology and Democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lippmann, W. (1922) Public Opinion. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
Littler, J. (2007) ‘Celebrity CEOs and the cultural economy of tabloid intimacy’. In Holmes, S. and Redmond, S. (eds). Stardom and Celebrity: A Reader. London:Sage.
Livingstone, S. (2003) ‘The changing nature and uses of media literacy’, Media@LSE Electronic Working Papers, No. 4. Available at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse/mediaWorkingPapers/Default.htm
Livingstone, S. (2004) Media Literacy and the Challenge of New Information and Communication Technologies, The Communication Review,7:1, pp. 3-14. doi: 10.1080/10714420490280152.
Livingstone, S. (2007) ‘On the material and the symbolic: Silverstone’s double articulation of research traditions in new media studies’, New Media & Society, 9(1), pp. 16–24. doi: 10.1177/1461444807075200.
Livingstone, S. (2008) ‘Engaging With Media—A Matter of Literacy?’, Communication, Culture & Critique, 1: 51-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-9137.2007.00006.x.
Livingstone, S. (2009) ‘On the Mediation of Everything: ICA Presidential Address 2008’. Journal of Communication, 59: 1-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01401.x.
Livingstone, Sonia (2004) What is media literacy? Intermedia, 32 (3). pp. 18-20. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/1027
Lobato, R. (2018) ‘Rethinking International TV Flows Research in the Age of Netflix’, Television & New Media, 19(3), pp. 241–256. doi: 10.1177/1527476417708245.
Lobato, R. (2019) Netflix Nations, The Geography of Digital Distribution. New York: New York University Press
Lobato, R. & Thomas, J. (2012) ‘The Business of Anti-Piracy: New Zones of Enterprise in the Copyright Wars’, International Journal of Communication. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1212/722
Lobinger, K. & Brantner, C. (2015)’In the Eye of the Beholder: Subjective Views on the Authenticity of Selfies’, International Journal of Communication. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3151
Lopes F. & Espírito Santo, P. (2019) ‘Quando um Presidente da República Vive no Limite do Semipresidencialismo: Retratos que a Imprensa Diária Esboçou na Primeira Metade do Mandato de Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa’, Estudos em Comunicação, nº 28, vol.1 (maio, 2019). doi: 10.25768/fal.ec.n28.a13.
Lopes, F. (2007) ‘Dos excessos da TV generalista: Retratos da Informação Semanal Emitida em Horário Nobre’, Comunicação & Sociedade, 11, pp. 135-148. doi: 10.17231/comsoc.11(2007).1136.
Lopes, F. & Botelho, L. (2019). Marcelo Presidente todos os dias. Porto: Porto Editora.
López, J. T. & Zallo, R. (1991) ‘Economia de la Información, Nuevas Mercancías, Nuevos Objetos Teóricos’, Telos, n.º 28, December‑February 1991, pp. 54‑67.
Lotz, A. D. (2017) Portals: A Treatise on Internet-distributed Television. Ann Harbor: Michigan Publishing.
Luckmann, T. (1967) The invisible religion: The problem of religion in modern society. New York: Macmillan.
Luebke, S. M. (2021) ‘Political Authenticity: Conceptualization of a Popular Term’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 26(3), pp. 635–653. doi: 10.1177/1940161220948013.
Luebke, S. M. & Engelmann, I. (2022) ‘Do We Know Politicians’ True Selves From the Media? Exploring the Relationship Between Political Media Exposure and Perceived Political Authenticity’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/20563051221077030.
Lull, J. (2007) Culture on Demand: Communication in a Crisis World. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lyon, D. (1994). The Rise of the Surveilance Society. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lyon, D. & Zygmunt, B. (2013). Liquid Surveillance. A Conversation. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Lyyra A. K. & Koskinen K. M. (2016) ‘The Ambivalent Characteristics of Connected, Digitised Products: Case Tesla Model S’. In: Müller, S. D. & Nielsen, J. A. (eds.) Nordic Contributions in IS Research. SCIS 2016. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 259. Cham: Springer.
Macdonald, D. (1953) ‘A Theory of Mass Culture’, Diogenes, 1(3), pp. 1–17. doi: 10.1177/039219215300100301.
MacGregor, P. (2007) ‘Tracking the Online Audience’, Journalism Studies, 8:2, 280-298, doi: 10.1080/14616700601148879.
Mackenzie, A. (2006) Cutting Code. Software and Sociality. New York: Peter Lang.
Manovich, L. (2019) ‘A screen’s genealogy’. In Monteiro, S. (ed.) The Screen Media Reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Marcuse, H. (2003) One Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society. Oxford: Routledge.
Margetts, H. et al. (2021) ’The Internet and public policy: Future directions. Policy Internet’, 13, pp. 162– 184. doi: 10.1002/poi3.263.
Markham, T. (2020). Digital life. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Markus, G. (2013) ‘The Path of Culture’, Critical Horizons, 14:2, 127-155. doi: 10.1179/1440991713Z.0000000003.
Marsh, D., Hart, P. & Tindall, K. (2010) ‘Celebrity Politics: The Politics of the Late Modernity?’, Political Studies Review, 8(3), pp. 322–340. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-9302.2010.00215.x.
Marshall, P. D. (2010) ‘The promotion and presentation of the self: celebrity as marker of presentational media’, Celebrity Studies, 1:1, pp. 35-48. doi: 10.1080/19392390903519057.
Marshall, P. D., Turner, G. & Bonner, F. (2006) ‘Producing Celebrity’. In: Marshall, P. D. (ed.) The Celebrity Culture Reader. Oxford: Routledge.
Marshall, P.D. (2014) ‘Introduction: Celebrity in the Digital Era: A New Public Intimacy’. In: Marshall, P.D. (ed.) Celebrity and Power: Fame in Contemporary Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Martin-Barbero, J. (1993). Communication, Culture, and Hegemony: From the Media to Mediations. London: Sage.
Marwick, A. (2015) ‘Instafame: Luxury selfies in the attention economy’, Public Culture, 27(1), pp. 137-160. doi: 10.1215/08992363-2798379.
Marwick, A. E. (2013) Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Marwick, A. E. & boyd, danah (2011) ‘I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience’, New Media & Society, 13(1), pp. 114–133. doi: 10.1177/1461444810365313.
Mathisen, B. R. & Morlandstø, L. (2020) ‘Audience participation in the mediated Arctic public sphere’, Journalism. doi: 10.1177/1464884920973102.
Mattelart, A. (1983) Intervencion, in Rai/Prix Italia (1983). Soltanto attualitá?. Torino: ERI-Edizione RAI Radiotelevisione Italiana.
Mattelart, T. (2012) ‘Audiovisual Piracy, Informal Economy, and Cultural Globalization’, International Journal of Communication, Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1164/728
Maurer, P. & Beiler, M. (2018) ‘Networking and Political Alignment as Strategies to Control the News’, Journalism Studies, 19:14, pp. 2024-2041. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2017.1310627.
Maurer, P. & Pfetsch, B. (2014) ‘News Coverage of Politics and Conflict Levels’, Journalism Studies, 15:3, pp. 339-355. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2014.889477.
Maurer, S. (2003), ‘New Institutions for Doing Science: From Databases to Open-Source Biology’, European Policy for Intellectual Property Conference Mimeo. Available at: http://www.merit.unimaas.nl/epip/papers/maurer_paper.pdf
Mauss, M. (1968), Sociologie et anthropologie : precede d'une introduction a l'oeuvre de Marcel Mauss. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
Mayer-Schönberger V. & Cukier, K. (2013). Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Mazzoleni, G., Kelly, M., & McQuail, D. (eds.). (2004) The Media in Europe. London: Sage.
McCarthy, D. M., Fader, P. S. & Hardie, B. G. S. (2017) ‘Valuing Subscription-Based Businesses Using Publicly Disclosed Customer Data’, Journal of Marketing, 81(1), pp. 17–35. doi: 10.1509/jm.15.0519.
McCombs, M. E. & Shaw, D. L. (1972) ‘Agenda-setting function of mass media’, Public Opinion Quarterly 36(2): 176–187. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2747787
McCombs, M. E., Shaw, D. L. & Weaver, D. H. (2014) ‘New Directions in Agenda-Setting Theory and Research’, Mass Communication and Society, 17:6, pp. 781-802. doi: 10.1080/15205436.2014.964871.
McDonald, K., & Smith-Rowsey, D. (eds.). (2016) The Netflix effect: Technology and entertainment in the 21 century. New York: Bloomsbury.
McLuhan, M. (2001) Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. London: Routledge.
McLuhan, M. & Powers, B. R. (1989) The global village: Transformations in world life and media in the 21st century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mcphail, T. (2005) Global Communication: Theories, Stakeholders and Trends. Oxford: Blackwell.
McPhetres, J., Rand, D. G. & Pennycook, G. (2021) ‘Character deprecation in fake news: Is it in supply or demand?’, Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(4), pp. 624–637. doi: 10.1177/1368430220965709.
McQuail, D. and Deuze, M. (2020). McQuail’s Media and Mass Communication Theory. 7th Edition. London: Sage.
McWhorter, C. (2019) ‘News Media Literacy: Effects of Consumption’, International Journal of Communication. Available at: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/10258/2814
Meléndez-Domínguez, M., & Bermúdez, M. P. (2020) ‘Epidemiological analysis of gender violence in the European Union’, Anales De Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 36(3), pp. 380-385. doi: 10.6018/analesps.428611.
Mellado, C. & van Dalen, A. (2017) ‘Challenging the Citizen–Consumer Journalistic Dichotomy: A News Content Analysis of Audience Approaches in Chile’, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(1), pp. 213–237. doi: 10.1177/1077699016629373.
Mendonça, S., Cardoso, G. & Caraça, J. (2012) ’The strategic strength of weak signal analysis’, Futures, Volume 44, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 218-228, ISSN 0016-3287. doi: 10.1016/j.futures.2011.10.004.
Meraz, S. & Papacharissi, Z. (2013) ‘Networked Gatekeeping and Networked Framing on #Egypt’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18(2), pp. 138–166. doi: 10.1177/1940161212474472.
Meyer, M. (2021) ‘Thus Spoke the Internet: Social Media Sociologists and the Importance of Memeing in Making Meaning’, Irish Journal of Sociology, 29(1), pp. 118–123. doi: 10.1177/0791603520947655.
Meyer, T. (2002) Media Democracy: How the Media Colonize Politics. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Meyrowitz, J. (1985) No Sense of Place. The Impact of Electronic Media on Social Behavior. New York: Oxford University Press.
Miége, B. (1997) La Societé Conquise par la Communication. Grenoble: PUG.
Miége, B. (2000) O Pensamento Comunicacional. Petrópolis: Vozes.
Milan, S. (2015) ‘From social movements to cloud protesting: the evolution of collective identity’, Information, Communication & Society,18:8, 887-900, DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2015.1043135.
Milner, M. (2010) ‘Is Celebrity a New Kind of Status System?’, Society, 47, pp. 379–387 (2010). doi: 10.1007/s12115-010-9347-x
Miró-Llinares, F. & Aguerri, J. C. (2021) ‘Misinformation about fake news: A systematic critical review of empirical studies on the phenomenon and its status as a ‘threat’’, European Journal of Criminology. doi: 10.1177/1477370821994059.
Mockus, A. Fielding, R. T. & Herbsleb, J. (2000). ‘A case study of open-source software development: the Apache server’, in Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Software engineering (ICSE '00). ACM, New York, pp. 263–272. doi: 10.1145/337180.337209.
Moffitt, B. (2016) The global rise of populism: performance, political style, and representation. Redwood: Stanford University Press.
Moffitt, B. & Tormey, S. (2014) ‘Rethinking Populism: Politics, Mediatisation and Political Style’, Political Studies, 62(2), pp. 381–397. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.12032.
Monteiro, S. (ed.) (2019) The Screen Media Reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Moody-Ramirez, M. & Church, A. B. (2019) ‘Analysis of Facebook Meme Groups Used During the 2016 US Presidential Election’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305118808799.
Morley, D. (2003) ‘What’s ‘home’ got to do with it? Contradictory Dynamics in the Domestication of Technology and the Dislocation of Domesticity’, European Journal of Cultural Studies, 6(4), pp. 435–458. doi: 10.1177/13675494030064001.
Morreale, F., & Eriksson, M. (2020) ‘My Library Has Just Been Obliterated": Producing New Norms of Use Via Software Update’, Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Available at: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376308
Mosco, V. (2014) To the Cloud: Big Data in a Turbulent World. Oxford: Routledge.
Mueller, M. (2009) ‘ICANN Inc: Accountability and Participation in the Governance of Critical Internet Resources’, Korean Journal of Policy Studies, Vol.24 No.2, pp. 91-116, Available at: https://www.internetgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/ICANNInc.pdf
Muhammad, A. et al. (2019) ’Discrimination through Optimization: How Facebook's Ad Delivery Can Lead to Biased Outcomes’ Proc. ACM Humam-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW, Article 199 (November 2019). doi: 10.1145/335930.
Muhammad et al. (2020) ‘Covid-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: A blessing in disguise?’ The Science of the Total Environment, 728 (2020), Article 138820. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138820.
Munger, K. (2020) ‘All the News That’s Fit to Click: The Economics of Clickbait Media’, Political Communication, 37:3, pp. 376-397. doi: 10.1080/10584609.2019.1687626.
Munn, L., Hristova, T. & Magee, L. (2019) ‘Clouded data: Privacy and the promise of encryption’, Big Data & Society. doi: 10.1177/2053951719848781.
Munro, P. & Schiffer, A.(2019) ‘Ethnographies of Electricity Scarcity: mobile phone charging spaces and the recrafting of energy poverty in Africa’, Energy and Buildings, 188-18. pp. 175-183. ISSN 0378-7788. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.01.038
Murdock, G. (2010) ‘Celebrity Culture and the Public Sphere: The Tabloidization of Power’. In: Gripsrud J. and Weibull, L. (eds.) Media, Markets and Public Spheres. European Media at the Crossroads. Bristol: Intellect.
Murthy, D. (2018) Twitter. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Myers West, S. (2018) ‘Censored, suspended, shadowbanned: User interpretations of content moderation on social media platforms’, New Media & Society, 20(11), pp. 4366–4383. doi: 10.1177/1461444818773059.
Nachtwey, O., & Seidl, T. (2020) ‘The Solutionist Ethic and the Spirit of Digital Capitalism’. SocArXiv. doi: 10.31235/osf.io/sgjzq.
Nadini M., et al. (2021) ’Mapping the NFT revolution: market trends, trade networks, and visual features’, Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 22;11(1):20902. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00053-8.
Navas, E., Gallagher, O., & Burrough, X. (eds.) (2014). The routledge companion to remix studies. Oxford: Routledge.
Nechushtai, E. & Zalmanson, L. (2021) ‘‘Stay informed’, ‘become an insider’ or ‘drive change’: Repackaging newspaper subscriptions in the digital age’, Journalism, 22(8), pp. 2035–2052. doi: 10.1177/1464884919847350.
Neff, G. & Stark D. (2004) ‘Permanently beta’. In: Howard, P. N.and Jones, S. (eds.) Society Online: The Internet in Context. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Nelson, J. L. & Taneja, H. (2018) ‘The small, disloyal fake news audience: The role of audience availability in fake news consumption’, New Media & Society, 20(10), pp. 3720–3737. doi: 10.1177/1461444818758715.
Neo, R. (2022) ‘Fighting Fire With Fire? Relegitimizing Strategies for Media Institutions Faced With Unwarranted “Fake News” Accusations’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/20563051221077014.
Newman, N. & Fletcher, R. (2018) ‘Platform reliance, information intermediaries, and news diversity’. In: Moore, M. & Tambini, D. (eds.) Digital dominance. The Power of Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Newman, N. et al. (2021). Reuters institute digital news report 2021. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
Ng, I. C.L. & Wakenshaw, S. Y.L. (2017) ‘The Internet-of-Things: Review and research directions’, International Journal of Research in Marketing, Volume 34, Issue 1, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2016.11.003.
Nicholas, J. A. (2017). The Age of Sharing. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Nieborg, D. B. & Helmond, A. (2019) ‘The political economy of Facebook’s platformization in the mobile ecosystem: Facebook Messenger as a platform instance’, Media, Culture & Society, 41(2), pp. 196–218. doi: 10.1177/0163443718818384.
Niederer, S. & van Dijck, J. (2010) ‘Wisdom of the crowd or technicity of content? Wikipedia as a sociotechnical system’, New Media & Society, 12(8), pp. 1368–1387. doi: 10.1177/1461444810365297.
Nielsen, J. (2006) ‘Participation inequality: Encouraging more users to contribute’. Available at: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/participation_inequality.html
Nielsen, R. K. et al. (2016) ‘Challenges and Opportunities for News Media and Journalism in an Increasingly Digital, Mobile, and Social Media Environment’. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Available at: https://edoc.coe.int/en/media/7288-pdf-challenges-and-opportunities-for-news-media-and-journalism-in-an-increasingly-digital-mobile-and-social-media-environment.html
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974) ‘The Spiral of Silence a Theory of Public Opinion’, Journal of Communication, Volume 24, Issue 2, June 1974, pp. 43–51. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x.
Nordenstreng, K. (2007) ‘Media and Society: In Search of Models. Mapping out Media Models: Gorbachev's Challenge’. In: Vartanova, E. (ed.). Media and Change. Moscow: MediaMir.
Norris, P. (2000). A Virtuous Circle? Political Communications in Post-Industrial Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nyhan, B., et al. (2020) ‘Taking fact-checks literally but not seriously? The effects of journalistic fact-checking on factual beliefs and candidate favorability’, Political Behavior, 42(3), 939–960. doi: 10.1007/s11109-019-09528-x.
O'Neill, D. (2012) ’No cause for celebration: the rise of celebrity news values in the British quality press’, Journalism Education, 1 (2). pp. 26-44. Available at: https://journalism-education.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/No-cause-for-celebration.pdf
O’Sullivan, O. (2021) ‘Arnold Schwarzenegger’s viral video politics’, Feminist Media Studies, 21:3, pp. 493-498. doi: 10.1080/14680777.2021.1894467.
Obermeyer Z. et al. (2019) ‘Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations’, SCIENCE 25 OCT 2019 , pp. 447-453. doi: 10.1126/science.aax23.
Ontiveros, E. (2017) ‘The Consequences of Crisis for the European Banking System’ in Castells, M. et al. (ed.) Europe's Crises. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Orth, M. (2004). The Importance of Being Famous: Behind the Scenes of the Celebrity-Industrial Complex. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Ortoleva, P. (2004) ‘O Novo Sistema dos Media’. In: Paquete De Oliveira, J. M., Cardoso, G. and Barreiros, J. (2004) Comunicação, Cultura e Tecnologias de Informação. Lisboa: Quimera.
Ouellette, L. (2016) ‘The Trump Show’, Television & New Media, 17(7), pp. 647–650. doi: 10.1177/1527476416652695.
Ouellette, L. & Hay, J. (2008) Better Living Through Reality TV: Television and Post-Welfare Citizenship. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Page, R. (2018). Narratives online: shared stories in social media. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pain, P. & Masullo Chen, G. (2019) ‘The President Is in: Public Opinion and the Presidential Use of Twitter’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305119855143.
Palma, N. et al. (2021) ‘André Ventura: a criação da celebridade mediática’, MediaLab ISCTE. Available at: https://medialab.iscte-iul.pt/andre-ventura-a-criacao-da-celebridade-mediatica/
Paquete de Oliveira, J. M. (1983) ‘Intervencion’. In: Rai/Prix Italia (ed.) Soltanto attualitá?. Torino: ERI-Edizione RAI Radiotelevisione Italiana.
Paquete de Oliveira, J.M. (2017) ‘A comunicação numa perspectiva sociológica’. In: Cardoso, G. (ed.) Comunicação e quotidiano: textos e intervenções (1983-2016). Lisboa: Tinta-da-China.
Parker, H. N. (2011) ‘Toward a Definition of Popular Culture’, History and Theory, 50(2), pp. 147–170. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41300075
Parnaby, P. F. & Sacco, V. F. (2004) ’Fame and strain: The contributions of Mertonian deviance theory to an understanding of the relationship between celebrity and deviant behavior’, Deviant Behavior, 25(1), pp. 1–26. doi: 10.1080/01639620490253992.
Paßmann, J. & Boersma, A. (2017) ‘Unknowing Algorithms: On Transparency of Unopenable Black Boxes’. In: Schäfer, M. T. and van Es, K. (eds.) The Datafied Society: Studying Culture through Data. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Pasek, J. et al. (2006) ‘America’s Youth and Community Engagement: How Use of Mass Media Is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds’, Communication Research, 33(3), pp. 115–135. doi: 10.1177/0093650206287073.
Pasquale, F. (2015). The black Box society: The secret algorithms that control money and information. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pasquinelli, M. (2009) ‘Google’s PageRank Algorithm: A Diagram of Cognitive Capitalism and the Rentier of the Common Intellect’. In: Becker, K. and Stalder, F. (eds.) Deep Search. London: Transaction Publishers.
Patrício Silva et al.(2021) ‘Increased plastic pollution due to COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and recommendations’, Chem. Eng. J., 405 (2021), Article 126683. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126683
Peña, A. M. (2021) ‘Activist Parties and Hybrid Party Behaviours: A Typological Reassessment of Partisan Mobilisation’, Political Studies Review, 19(4), pp. 637–655. doi: 10.1177/1478929920952000.
Pennycook, G., Cannon, T. D. and Rand, D. G. (2018) ‘Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news’, J Exp Psychol Gen. 2018 Dec;147(12), pp. 1865-1880. doi: 10.1037/xge0000465.
Perzanowski, A. & Schultz, J. (2016) The End of Ownership: Personal Property in the Digital Economy. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Peter L. Berger & Thomas Luckmann (1991) The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. London: Penguin Books
Peters, C. (2011) ‘Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an ‘experience of involvement’ in the news’, Journalism, 12(3), pp. 297–316. doi: 10.1177/1464884910388224.
Peterson, E. & Iyengar, S. (2021) ‘Partisan Gaps in Political Information and Information-Seeking Behavior: Motivated Reasoning or Cheerleading?’, American Journal of Political Science, 65, pp. 133-147. doi: 10.1111/ajps.1253.
Pew Research Center, (2015). State of the News Media 2015. Available at: https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/05/30142603/state-of-the-news-media-report-2015-final.pdf
Philo, G. (2004) ‘The mass production of ignorance: news content and audience’. In: Paterson, C. A. and Sreberny, A. (eds.) International News in the 21st Century. Eastleigh: University of Luton Press.
Philo, G. (2008) ‘Active Audiences and the Construction of Public Knowledge, Journalism Studies, 9:4, 535544. doi: 10.1080/14616700802114217.
Philo, G. (Ed.) (1999) Message Received. Harlow: Longman.
Picard, R. (2003) ‘Business Issues Facing New Media’. In: Servaes, J. (ed.) The European Information Society: A Reality Check. Bristol, U.K.: Intellect Publishing.
Picard, R. G. (2014) ‘Twilight or New Dawn of Journalism?’, Journalism Studies, 15:5, 500-510. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2014.895530.
Picard, R. G. & van Weezel, A. (2008) ‘Capital and Control: Consequences of Different Forms of Newspaper Ownership’, International Journal on Media Management, 10:1, 22-31. doi: 10.1080/14241270701820473.
Pickard, V. (2011) ‘Can Government Support the Press? Historicizing and Internationalizing a Policy Approach to the Journalism Crisis’, The Communication Review, 14:2, pp. 73-95. doi: 10.1080/10714421.2011.573430.
Pickard, V. & Williams, A. T. (2014) ‘Salvation Or Folly?’, Digital Journalism, 2:2, pp. 195-213. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2013.865967.
Pidgeon, N. (2008) ‘Risk, uncertainty and social controversy: from risk perception and communication to public engagement’. In: Bammer, G. and Smithson, M. (eds) Uncertainty and Risk. Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Oxford: Routledge.
Piketty, T. (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pilkington, E. (2009) Hollywood film output likely to fall by a third. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/18/hollywood-films-numbers-fall
Pinto-Martinho, A., Cardoso, G. & Couraceiro, P. (2019) ‘A esquerda no parlamento e a direita na televisão?’, MediaLab ISCTE. Available at: https://medialab.iscte-iul.pt/wp-content/uploads/a-esquerda-no-parlamento-e-a-direita-na-televisao.pdf (Accessed 8 August 2022)
Pinto-Martinho, A., Cardoso, G. & Palma, N. (2021) ‘Opinião no Feminino’, Medialab ISCTE. Available at: https://medialab.iscte-iul.pt/tag/artigos-de-opiniao/
Piore, M. J. &. Sabel, C. F. (1984). The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity. New York: Basic Books.
Pitkin, H. (1987) ‘Rethinking reification’, Theory and Society, 16(2), pp. 263–293. doi: 10.1007/BF00135697.
Podara, A. et al. (2021) ‘Generation Z’s screen culture: Understanding younger users’ behaviour in the television streaming age – The case of post-crisis Greece’, Critical Studies in Television, 16(2), pp. 91–109. doi: 10.1177/17496020211005395.
Poell, T., Nieborg, D. & van Dijck, J. (2019) ‘Platformisation’, Internet Policy Review, 8(4). Available at: https://policyreview.info/concepts/platformisation
Pollock, T. G., & Rindova, V. P. (2003) ‘Media Legitimation Effects in the Market for Initial Public Offerings’, Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), pp. 631–642. doi: 10.2307/30040654.
Porat, M. U. (1978) ‘Global Implications of the Information Society’, Journal of Communication, Volume 28, Issue 1, March 1978, pp. 70 -80. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01565.x.
Poster, M. (1995) The Second Media Age. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Prior, M. (2005) ‘News vs. Entertainment: How Increasing Media Choice Widens Gaps in Political Knowledge and Turnout’, American Journal of Political Science, 49, pp. 577-592. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00143.x.
Puppis, M. (2008) ‘National Media Regulation in the Era of Free Trade: The Role of Global Media Governance’, European Journal of Communication, 23(4), pp. 405–424. doi: 10.1177/0267323108096992.
Quinn, A.(2007), 'Contrary to claims, conventions and culture : an apologia for the Glasgow University Media Group', International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, 3 (1) , pp. 5-24. doi: 10.1386/macp.3.1.5_1.
Quintanilha, T. L., et al. (2021) ‘O papel do jornalismo no combate às fake news: o caso do último dia da campanha eleitoral de 2019 em Portugal’, Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas , 97, 2021. Available at: http://journals.openedition.org/spp/9514
Raboy, M. (1999) ‘Communication Policy and Globalization as a Social Project’. In: Calabrese, A. and Burgelman, J-C. (eds.) Communication, Citizenship, and Social Policy: Re-thinking the Limits of the Welfare State. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.
Radlinski, F., Kleinberg, R. & Joachims, T. (2008) ‘Learning diverse rankings with multi-armed bandits’, in Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning (ICML '08). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp. 784–791. doi: 10.1145/1390156.1390255.
Ragas, M. W. & Tran, H. L. (2015) ‘The financial news ecosystem: Journalists’ perceptions of group hierarchy’, Journalism, 16(6), pp. 711–729. doi: 10.1177/1464884914540441.
Rai, S. M. (2015) ‘Political Performance: A Framework for Analysing Democratic Politics’, Political Studies, 63(5), pp. 1179–1197. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.12154.
Rainie, L. & Wellman, B. (2012) Networked: The New Social Operating System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Rantanen, T. (2005) ‘The message is the medium: An interview with Manuel Castells’, Global Media and Communication, 1(2), pp. 135–147. doi: 10.1177/1742766505054629.
Rantanen, T. (2021) ‘Toward Hybridity? Nationality, Ownership, and Governance of News Agencies in Europe’, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 98(1), pp. 263–282. doi: 10.1177/1077699020923605.
Rapp, D. N. & Salovich, N. A. (2018) ‘Can’t We Just Disregard Fake News? The Consequences of Exposure to Inaccurate Information’, Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5(2), pp. 232–239. doi: 10.1177/2372732218785193.
Raymond, E. S. (1999). The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Cambridge, MA :O'Reilly.
Reich, R. (1991) The work of nations: Preparing ourselves for the 21st century capitalism. New York: Knopf Publishing.
Reinardy, S. (2011) ‘Newspaper journalism in crisis: Burnout on the rise, eroding young journalists’ career commitment’, Journalism, 12(1), pp. 33–50. doi: 10.1177/1464884910385188.
Reis, J. P. (2020) ‘André Ventura – Por Portugal pelos portugueses’, MovimentAção, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 13, pp. 73-90, dez. 2020. doi: 10.30612/mvt.v7i13.11328.
Rettberg, J. W. (2014). Seeing Ourselves Through Technology: How We Use Selfies, Blogs and Wearable Devices to See and Shape Ourselves. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Rhodes, S. C. (2022) ‘Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Fake News: How Social Media Conditions Individuals to Be Less Critical of Political Misinformation’, Political Communication, 39:1, 1-22. doi: 10.1080/10584609.2021.1910887.
Ribke, N. (2015) ‘Entertainment politics: Brazilian celebrities’ transition to politics, recent history and main patterns’, Media, Culture & Society, 37(1), pp. 35–49. doi: 10.1177/0163443714549087.
Ricolfi, L. (1997) ‘Politics and the Mass Media in Italy’, West European Politics, 20:1, 135-156. doi: 10.1080/01402389708425178.
Rieder, B. (2012) ‘What is in PageRank? A Historical and Conceptual Investigation of a Recursive Status Index’ Computational Culture 2. Available at: http://computationalculture.net/what_is_in_pagerank/.
Rieffel, R. (2005) Que sont les Medias?. Paris: Gallimard.
Ritter M. & Schanz H. (2019) ‘The sharing economy: A comprehensive business model framework’, Journal of Cleaner Production (2019), Volume 213, Pages 320-331, ISSN 0959-6526. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.154.
Ritzer, G. & Jurgenson, N. (2010) ‘Production, Consumption, Prosumption: The nature of capitalism in the age of the digital ‘prosumer’’, Journal of Consumer Culture, 10(1), pp. 13–36. doi: 10.1177/1469540509354673.
Rodrigues, M. J. (ed.) (2002) The new knowledge economy in Europe: A strategy for international competitiveness and social cohesion. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Rojek, C. (2001). Celebrity. Chicago: Reaktion.
Rooke, M. (2021) ‘Alternative media framing of COVID-19 risks’, Current Sociology, 69(4), pp. 584–602. doi: 10.1177/00113921211006115.
Ross, A. S. & Rivers, D. J. (2018) ‘Discursive Deflection: Accusation of “Fake News” and the Spread of Mis- and Disinformation in the Tweets of President Trump’, Social Media + Society. doi: 10.1177/2056305118776010.
Rossini, P. et al. (2021) ‘Dysfunctional information sharing on WhatsApp and Facebook: The role of political talk, cross-cutting exposure and social corrections’, New Media & Society, 23(8), pp. 2430–2451. doi: 10.1177/1461444820928059.
Rothkopf D. (2003) ‘When the Buzz Bites Back’, The Washington Post, 11 May 2003 available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2003/05/11/when-the-buzz-bites-back/
Rovetta A. & Bhagavathula A.S. (2020) ‘Global Infodemiology of COVID-19: Analysis of Google Web Searches and Instagram Hashtags’, J Med Internet Res, 2020 Aug 25;22(8):e20673. doi: 10.2196/20673.
Rubin, P. H. & Tilman K. (2012) ‘Property Rights and Capitalism’. In Mueller, D. C. (ed.) (2012), The Oxford Handbook of Capitalism. London: London University Press.
Salgado, S. (2019) ‘Where’s populism? Online media and the diffusion of populist discourses and styles in Portugal’. European Political Science 18, pp. 53–65. doi: 10.1057/s41304-017-0137-4.
Samra, B. & Wos, A. (2015) ‘Consumer in Sports: Fan typology analysis’, Journal of Intercultural Management, Vol.6 (Issue 4-1), pp. 263-288. doi: 10.2478/joim-2014-0050.
Santana-Pereira, J. (2016) ‘The Portuguese media system and the normative roles of the media: a comparative view’. Análise Social, 221, li (4.o).
Santana-Pereira, J. & Cancela, J. (2020) ‘Demand without Supply? Populist Attitudes and Voting Behaviour in Post-Bailout Portugal’, South European Society and Politics, 25:2, pp. 205-228. doi: 10.1080/13608746.2020.1864910.
Saporito, B. (1999) ‘The business century: How the economy became hot news in the last 100 years’, Columbia Journalism Review 37(6): 47–52.
Sarvas, R. & Frohlich, D. (2011) From Snapshots to Social Media – The Changing Picture of Domestication Photography. London: Springer.
Schertges, C. (2007) ‘Political News and Political Consciousness’, Policy Futures in Education, 5(3), pp. 345–356. doi: 10.2304/pfie.2007.5.3.345.
Schiller, H. (1996) Information Inequality – The Deepening Social Crisis in America. Oxford: Routledge
Schlegel, R. J. et al. (2009) ‘Thine own self: True self–concept accessibility and meaning in life’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 473–490. doi:10.1037/a0014060.
Schlosberg, J. (2018) ‘Digital agenda setting, reexamining the role of platform monopolies diversity’. In Moore, M. & Tambini, D. (2018), Digital dominance. The Power of Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schmidt, A. L., et al. (2017) ‘Anatomy of news consumption on Facebook’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(12), 3035–3039. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1617052114.
Schneider, A. (2019) ‘The iPhone as an object of knowledge’. In: Monteiro, S. (ed.) The screen media reader. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Schudson, M. (2011) The sociology of news- 2nd edition. New York : W.W.Norton & Company, Inc.
Schudson, M. (2018). Why Journalism Still Matters. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Schuh, G., et al. (2021) ‘Digitalization as an Enabler of Subscription Business Models in the Manufacturing Industry’. In: Voigt, K. I. and Müller, J. M. (eds.) Digital Business Models in Industrial Ecosystems. Future of Business and Finance. Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-82003-9_4.
Authors:
Reference: null
Year:
Phd Thesis in Communication
Recommended optative
(updating)
Accreditations