At the end of this course the student should be able to:
LG1. Perform computations using vector and matrix algebra.
LG2. Apply the Gram-Schmidt Process.
LG3. Solve and classify systems of linear equations.
LG4. Perform matrix operations.
LG5. Compute, interpret and apply determinants.
LG6. Identify, construct and analyse linear transformations.
LG7. Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Diagonalize a matrix.
LG8. Classify quadratic forms.

1. Vectors and Systems of linear equations
1.1 The vector space R^n.
1.2 Inner product and norm.
1.3 Linear combination and independence.
1.4 Basis and dimension.
1.5 Coordinates of a vector.
1.6 Gram-Schmidt process.
1.7 Systems of linear equations.
1.8 Gaussian elimination. Classification.

2. Matrices
2.1 Elementary and permutation matrices.
2.2 Matrix operations.
2.3 Transpose and inverse of matrices. Properties.
2.4 LU factorization.

3. Determinants. Definition. Properties.

4. Linear maps
4.1 Matrix of a linear map.
4.2 Rotation, reflection and projection matrix.
4.3 Kernel and range.
4.4 Null and column space. The rank theorem.
4.5 Base change.

5. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
5.1 Definition. Eigenspaces.
5.2 Diagonalization.
5.3 Quadratic forms.
5.4 Singular Value Decomposition.

Students may choose one of the following assessment schemes:
- Periodic assessment:
- 6 mini-tests (25%): tests performed in a class, during the semester, lasting 15 minutes;
- final exam (75%): written exam in the first examination period; the minimum grade is 8.0 pts (out of 20).
The missing tests will be graded 0 pts.
Students must take the mini-tests in the class in which they are enrolled.
To calculate the final grade in this component, the 5 best grades will be considered.
The final grade is the best between Periodic Assessment and Exam Assessment.
- Exam assessment: a written exam (100%) in the 1st or 2nd examination period.
The minimum grade for this course is 10 points (out of 20).
Students may have to undertake an oral examination whenever the instructor seems it necessary.

At the end of this course the student should be able to:
LG1. Understand and compute derivatives and interpret the corresponding result.
LG2. Understand and determine linear and higher order approximations.
LG3. Understand and explicitly compute the antiderivative of some elementary functions.
LG4. Understand and apply the fundamental theorem of differential calculus and the fundamental theorem of integral calculus.
LG5. Understand (and compute) integrals as well as their applications.
LG6. Understand and apply some simple numerical methods to obtain solutions of nonlinear equations and to compute approximate values of derivatives and integrals.
LG7. Understand numerical series and determine the power series representation of some functions.

PC 1) Differential calculus in R
1.1. Limits and continuity
1.2. Differentiation
1.3. Taylor's formula.
1.4. Error analysis
1.5. Numerical methods: bisection and Newton's methods
1.6. Numerical differentiation and numerical optimization
PC 2 ) Integral calculus in R
2.1. Antiderivatives
2.2. Integrals
2.3. Fundamental theorem of integral calculus.
2.4. Applications to geometry
2.5. Numerical integration
PC 3) Numerical series and power series
3.1. Sequences
3.2. Series
3.3. Convergence criteria
3.4. Power series and applications

There are two types of assessment:

1. Periodic Assessment, consisting of:
- Two Mini-Tests on MATLAB done in class (5% + 5%), an Intermediate Test (45%): written test taken during the semester; minimum grade of 7.5 values.

- Final Test (45%): written test carried out in the 1st assessment period; minimum grade of 7.5 values.

2. Final Assessment: carrying out a final Exam (with a weight of 100%), in the 1st or 2nd period of the evaluation period.

The minimum passing grade for the curricular unit is 10.

At the end of this course, the student should be able:

OA1: To manipulate and to perform arithmetic operations using integer values represented in different numerical bases;

OA2: To manipulate logic expressions using properties of the Boolean algebra;

OA3: To design a combinational logic circuit that solves a given problem;

OA4: To design a sequential logic circuit that controls other elements on a digital system;

OA5: To simulate and to implement a logic circuit using a set of integrated circuits end programmable logic devices;

OA6: To categorize memory types and to design larger sized memory banks using smaller memory modules;

OA7: To identify and to relate the main elements of simple processor architectures;

OA8: To explain how the computer executes a program and to identify the main intervening mechanisms in that process;

CP1. Information representation
- Integer representation using different numerical bases
- Arithmetic operations over signed and unsigned integers
- Alphanumeric codes: ASCII and Unicode

CP2. Boolean algebra an logical functions
- AND, OR and NOT operations
- Boolean algebra
- Logical functions
- Minterms and "sum-of-products" form
- Karnaugh maps

CP3. Combinational circuits
- Combinational circuits design
- NAND, NOR and XOR gates
- Decoders and multiplexers
- Propagation delays

CP4. Sequential circuits
- Latches and flip-flops
- Sequential circuits analysis
- State diagrams and transition tables
- Sequential circuits design
- Registers and counters

CP5. Memory
- RAM memory
- ROM memory
- Memory banks

CP6. Processor architecture
- Register banks
- Functional unit
- Micro-instructions
- Program execution

1. Periodic assessment, comprising:
- One mid-term test and another end of term test. The minimum grade is 7,5. This component has a 70% weight.
- Laboratory assignments (20%): group work performed on a weekly basis, during the lab classes.
- Online mini-tests (10%): performed on a weekly basis (e-learning platform).

2. Exam assessment (100%) - the final course grade will be the one obtained in the exam (in any of the 3 evaluation epochs).

After obtaining approval in the course, students should be able to:

OA1. Develop functions/procedures that implement simple algorithms.

OA2. Develop code that manipulates arrays and objects.

OA3. Develop simple object classes (no recourse to inheritance and polymorphism), taking into account the notion of encapsulation.

OA4. Write and understand Java code.

CP1. Functions and parameters
CP2. Variables and control structures
CP3. Invocation and recursion
CP4. Arrays
CP5. Procedures and references
CP6. Matrices
CP7. Simple objects
CP8. Object classes
CP9. Composite objects
CP10. Composite object classes
CP11. Encapsulation and interfaces

Periodic assessment, comprising:
15% Midterm test + 75% Final test + 10% Online mini-tests
[a minimum score of 8 is required in the Final Test and C in the individual project]

The possible grades in the Individual Project are (A, B, C, D). The project grade defines an upper bound for the final grade:
A - max. 20
B - max. 16
C - max. 12
D - implies failing the course

After the course, the student will be able to:
LO1. Understand sorting and search algorithms appropriate to computational solutions;
LO2. Identify, rewrite and review common ways of organizing data and associated algorithms (with and without dynamic memory management, with iterative or recursive algorithms);
LO3. Estimate and value the complexity of algorithms on alternative data structures,
LO4. Prototype new forms of organization of data and associated algorithms suited to solve new computational problems.

PC1. The problem Union-Find
PC2. Analysis of Algorithms
PC3. Stacks, Queues, Lists, Bags
PC4. Priority Queues
PC5. Mergesort Elementary Symbol Tables
PC6. Quicksort Balanced Search Trees
PC7. Hash Tables
PC8. Elementary Sorts: Selectionsort; Insertionsort; Shellsort
PC9. Advanced Sorts: Mergesort; Quicksort; Heapsort
PC10. Sorting Complexity

Periodic Assessment: 10 weekly online evaluations (10%) + 10 weekly programming exercises (20%) + 2 periodic individual evaluations (70%) + 1 individual programming project (grades A,B,C,D).
The programming project grades are qualitative and defines an upper bond for final grade: A - max. 20; B - max. 17; C - max. 13; D - failing the course.
or
Final Examination: Individual examination (100%)

LG1. Compute partial derivatives and the Jacobian and Hessian matrices.
LG2. Determine linear and higher order approximations of functions of several variables.
LG3. Find and classify extrema of functions of several variables.
LG4. Apply simple numerical methods to compute approximate derivatives and solve optimization problems.
LG5. Compute double and triple integrals.
LG6. Applications of integration to compute areas, volumes, centers of mass, masses, probability density.
LG7. Apply simple numerical methods to compute approximate values of integrals.
LG8. Compute line and surface integrals.
LG9. Apply the vector analysis theorems to physics problems

1) Differential calculus in Rn
1.1.Functions of several variables
1.2.Limits and continuity
1.3.Partial derivatives,directional derivatives,gradient
1.4.The chain rule and the backpropagation algorithm
1.5.Implicit and inverse function theorems
1.6.Higher order derivatives and Taylor?s formula
2)Optimization in several variables
2.1.Analytic optimization vs numeric optimization
2.2.Unconstrained optimization
2.3.Numerical methods:steepest descent and Newton?s method
3)Integral calculus in Rn
3.1.Riemann integral in Rn
3.2.Fubini?s theorem
3.3.Change of variable
3.4.Double and triple integrals
3.5.Applications of integration to compute areas, volumes centers of mass and probability density
3.6.Numerical methods:numerical integration(Monte Carlo method)
4)Vector analysis
4.1.Geometry of curves
4.2.Geometry of surfaces
4.3.Line integrals:fundamental theorem
4.4.Surface integrals
4.5.The theorems of Green,Stokes,divergence
4.6.Physical applications:Newton?s gravity,electricity, magnetism

Students must obtain an overall grade of at least 10 (out of 20) in one of the assessment modes:
- Periodic assessment: 6 Mini Tests taken in classes (20%) + Test (75%).
- A final Exam (100%) in either the 1st or 2nd examination period.

LG 1 - Understand the main types of motion in one and two dimensions, identifying its causes, and to be capable of solving problems involving one or more objects under the influence of gravity, tensile cords and contact forces.
LG 2 - Understand the concepts of work and energy and be able to solve problems involving conversion mechanisms between different forms of energy.
LG 3 - Analyze the motion of an object in circular orbit under the influence of a gravitational field.
LG 4 - Understand the concepts of periodic motion, oscillations, forced oscillations and waves.
LG 5 - Understand and analyse situations involving interference between multiple waves.

CP 1. Modelos, Unidades e Cálculo
CP 2. Movimento unidimensional
CP 3. Movimento bi-dimensional
CP 4. Leis de Newton
CP 5. Energia
CP 6. Energia Potencial
CP 7. Gravitação e Campos de Forças
CP 8. Movimento Circular Uniforme
CP 9. Forças Variáveis e Molas
CP 10. Movimento Periódico e Oscilações
CP 11. Ondas
CP 12. Ondas Sonoras
CP 13. Sobreposição e Ondas estacionárias

This course can be completed in two ways:
i) Written exam at the end of the semester. The final grade is the grade on this exam.
ii) 2 written tests + 10 online quizzes during the semester - 7 required. The 1st test is held during the semester. The 2nd is held in the day of the first exam. The minimum score on each test is 8 points and the final grade is calculated as 0.9 * (T1 + T2) / 2 + 0.1 * MT, where MT is the average of 8 quizzes, the top 4 of each half (4/5 + 4/5).

OA1: Distinguish Operating System (OS) types, functions and characteristics
OA2: Describe aspects of process managment and related algorithms
OA3: Describe mechanisms related with inter-process communication and syncronization
OA4: Describe memory management models in multiprogramming systems and compare related algorithms. Explain virtual memory management methods
OA5: Describe the I/O principles
OA6: Explain the most common file system implementation issues
OA7: Identify OS security mechanisms and describe types of security attacks, and protection methods
OA8: Use the command line to work on a remote linux server; program shell script; use processing text and administration related commands
OA9: Program at the system level, using the OS functionalities and considering both sequential and concorrent programming

CP1: Introduction to Operating Systems
Processes
CP2: - Processes and threads
CP3: - Process scheduling
CP4: - Process syncronization. Semaphors
CP5: - Interprocess comunication
Memory Management
CP6: - Memory management models and algorithms
CP7: - Virtual Memory
CP8: Input / Output
CP9: File Systems
CP10: Administration and security issues
Case study: Linux
CP11: - shell commands and shell programming
CP12: - Communication and syncronization mechanisms

The working method includes the following guidelines:
- emphasis on the understanding of the key OS concepts and on relating these concepts with student practice and work
- strong liaison between theory and practice / laboratory work
- practice and laboratory work as the driver to consolidation of student skills and knowledge

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This course uses a periodical evaluation, not allowing a single final exam.

Evaluation components:
* TRAB (12.5% x 3): group work performed in 3 stages
* TPC (12.5%): 9 home questionaries, counting only the best 8
* PE (50%): Written exam performed during the evaluation periods

Requirements: Trab+TPC >= 9.5, PE >= 7 valores

grade of TRAB+TPC limited to grade(PE) + 6

Further information in "Observações"

LO1 Calculate integrals of analytic complex functions.
LO2 Represent analytic functions in power series.
LO3 Calculate residuals.
LO4 Apply the previous analytical techniques to simple circuit theory problems.
LO5 Represent periodic functions by Fourier series.
LO6 Determine Fourier transforms of simple functions and relate them to signal processing applications (communications, sensing, medical imaging and others).
LO7 Compute Fourier Transforms from the application of Fourier Transform theorems to functions with known transform.
LO8 Notions of mean, root mean square, and bandwidth of signals and their relationship to Fourier series and Fourier Transform.
LO9 Computational applications of complex analysis and Fourier analysis using MATLAB.
LO10 Explicitly solve some notable ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in terms of elementary functions and special functions.

1) Complex Analysis
1.1 Complex numbers
1.2 Analytic functions
1.3 Cauchy theorems
1.4 Power series and some special functions
1.5 Calculation of residues
2) Introduction to MATLAB
2.1 Complex analysis using MATLAB
3) Fourier analysis and applications
3.1 Fourier series
3.2 Fourier Transform
3.3 Theorems of the Fourier Transform
3.4 Relationship between the Fourier series and the Fourier transform
3.5 Application of the Fourier Transform in telecommunications: signal spectrum
3.6 Convolution of functions
3.7 Application of the convolution theorem to linear time invariant systems
3.8 Time-domain representation of communication signals in MATLAB
3.9 Frequency-domain representation of communication signals in MATLAB using the Fast Fourier Transform
4) Ordinary differential equations (ODE)
4.1 Some notable ODEs
4.2 Canonical solutions

A - Periodic Assessment: a mid-term written test encompassing the 1st part of the course syllabus (points 1) and 2), focusing on Complex Analysis, including its implementation in MATLAB), and a final written test on the same day as the written assessment by exam in the 1st period (points 3 and 4, focusing on Fourier Analysis, including its implementation in MATLAB and ODEs). The minimum mark in any of the written tests is 8.0 and their average has a minimum mark of 9.5.
B - Assessment by Exam (100%), in any of the Assessment Seasons. The exam is taken in person and has a minimum mark of 9.5. The exam covers the subject taught, including questions related to programming some of the concepts taught in MATLAB.

To provide students with solid knowledge on core subjects in the area of conventional databases (database systems supported by relational models), namely: relational schema design and queries supported by the SQL language.

PC1 - Relational schema design
PC2 - UML - Class Diagram
PC3 - Relational Model
1. Relations and primary keys
2. Foreign Keys and Integrity Rules
3. Optimizations and Indexes
4. Transactions and Concurrency
PC4 - Mapping from a conceptual model to a relational model
PC5 – SQL
1. Simple Querys
2. Agregate Functions
3. SubQuerys
4. Triggers, Stored Procedures and Functions
PC6 – Introduction to PHP/MySQL

I. ASSESSMENT IN REGULAR SEASON
Given the eminently practical nature of this Course, its assessment is based on the realization of the following components:
- Group project, with a pondering of 40% in two phased deliveries;
- Individual written test, with a pondering of 50% - to be accomplished on the date of the 1st period; and
- Four online mid-term tests, with a weighting of 10% - to be carried out during the semester.
Condition for approval: minimum grade of 8.00 points, without rounding for the project and the test.
If the student fails or does not reach the minimum mark in the written individual test, he may use the 2nd period date to repeat this evaluation component. For the project component and mid-term tests online there is no possibility of further deliveries or repetitions.
In exceptional situations of missing the 1st period date for the written individual test, the student may use the 2nd period date to perform the test. These cases will be subject to previous verification and acceptance with the services.
Students who wish to improve their grade may improve the written individual test, to be held in the 2nd season. None of the other components may be improved.

II. ASSESSMENT IN SPECIAL SEASON
The students who fulfill the conditions to be admitted in the Special Season, will have the following evaluation components:
- Individual or group project, with a weighting of 50% - to be handed in on the official assessment date of Special Season;
- Individual written test, with a weighting of 50% - to be handed in on the official assessment date of the Special Season
The project will have the same structure of the project done in the regular season, however, differs the theme, that will be proposed by the students to the teacher for approval. The project size requirements will be proportional to the number of students in the group. The maximum size of the group, the metrics related to the size and the deadlines will be published in a specific statement made available on the e-learning platform.
Also the students who use the Special Season are required to have a minimum score of 8.00 (without rounding) in each of the assessment components.

With this curricular unit the student should be able to:
1. Apply fundamental concepts of electrostatic.
2. Apply fundamental concepts of magnetostatic and characterize magnetic field sources.
3. Analyze ideal magnetic circuits
4. Apply fundamental concepts of time varying electromagnetic fields.
5. Apply fundamental concepts of optics.

1. Electric field and Gauss's law (Coulomb's law, charge density, electrostatic equilibrium, movement in an electric uniform field)
2. Electric potential (electrostatic energy, potential)
3. Capacitors and dielectrics (electric displacement field, Displacement current)
4. Stationary currents and resistances (density of electric current, conductivity,Ohm's law,Kirchhoff's law,Joule's effect)
5. Magnetic field (magnetic force and flux density field, particle movement, Hall's effect)
6. Magnetic field source (force between wires with electrical currents,Ampere's law,magnetic flux)
7. Faraday's Law (electromotive force,Lenz's law,generators, Maxwell's equations)
8. Coils (magnetic permeability,inductances,magnetic energy)
9. Transformers (boundary conditions,ideal transformers)
10. Maxwell Equations, plane wave an optics
11. Geometric optics (reflections, Fermat principle)
12. Wave optics (Huygens principle, Fraunhofer Diffraction)

This course has only periodic assessment (according to point nº 3 of article 7 of RGSACC) composed by:

1) Practical component (40% weight with a minimum grade of 9.5):
1a) four laboratory experiences or;
1b) Individual project
2) Written (60% weight and 9.5 minimum grade or 8 if the student attends more than 75% of classes):
2a) two frequencies or
2b) Global written test during exams season (1st, 2nd and special exam sessions)

LG1. Characterize and manipulate continuous signals, in the time domain;
LG2. Characterize and manipulate discrete signals, in the time domain;
LG3. Characterize and manipulate linear and time-invariant systems through their impulsive responses, for continuous time;
LG4. Characterize and manipulate linear and time-invariant systems through their impulsive responses, for discrete time;
LG5. Determine and manipulate the spectra of periodic and aperiodic continuous signals from their time domain expressions;
LG6. Determine and manipulate the spectra of periodic and aperiodic discrete signals from their time domain expressions;
LG7. Characterize and manipulate linear and time-invariant systems, in the frequency domain, through their transfer functions, for continuous time;
LG8. Characterize and manipulate linear and time-invariant systems, in the frequency domain, through their transfer functions, for discrete time.

1. Continuous-time and discrete-time signals - continuous time and discrete time, elementary signals, signal operations, signal classification, energy and power, symmetry properties.
2. Temporal analysis of continuous-time systems - linearity and time invariance, description with differential equations, block diagrams, impulsive response and convolution, causality, stability.
3. Temporal analysis of discrete-time systems - linearity and time invariance, description with difference equations, block diagrams, impulsive response and convolution, causality, stability.
4. Fourier analysis of signals and systems in continuous time - periodic and aperiodic signals in the frequency domain, transfer function, systems in the frequency domain.
5. Fourier analysis of signals and systems in discrete time - periodic and aperiodic signals in the frequency domain, transfer function, systems in the frequency domain.

Assessment can be periodic or through a written exam:
A - Periodic assessment: Assessment is done through 2 written tests, one taken during the teaching period and another one on the date of the 1st exam. Each test has a 50% weight on the final grade. Each test has a minimum passing grade of 8/20 (i.e., 7.5).
B - Exam only: Assessment is done through a final exam (1st or 2nd exam periods), weighting 100% in the final grade. Minimum passing grade: 9.5/20.

At the end of the term the student should be able to:
OA1. Use an object oriented programming language to design, implement, test and debug small applications.
OA2. Understand and apply the concepts of encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance and polymorphism.
OA3. Know how to use the fundamental data structures of a standard library (stacks, queues, trees, hashtables).
OA4. Apply error-control mechanisms.
OA5. Explain the utility of design patterns and demonstrate their usage in simple cases.

CP1. Packages and encapsulation
CP2. Reading and writing files
CP3. Exceptions and error handling
CP4. Polymorphism and interfaces
CP5. Anonymous classes and lambdas
CP6. Inheritance
CP7. Collections and generic classes
CP8. Introduction to design patterns

The assessment can be carried out in one of the following ways:

Mode A:
- Exercises carried out in class (20%, groups of 2 or individual)
- Written test in the middle of the semester (30%, individual, minimum grade of 7 val.)
- Project (50%, groups of 2 or individual)

Mode B:
- Written test in the middle of the semester or in the special season (50%, individual, minimum grade of 7 val.)
- Project (50%, groups of 2 or individual)

Regardless of the modality followed, the grade for the "Project" component is limited by the performance demonstrated individually in an oral discussion, in accordance with the following rule:
- Very good performance - no limit;
- Good performance - limit of 16 val.
- Sufficient performance - 12 val limit.
- Poor performance in the discussion - fail in the course.

Given the practical nature of the UC, there is no need for assessment by exam.

Assessment in a special period follows modality B.

Grade improvement can only be done by repeating the evaluation in the following year.

Introduce basic techniques for electric circuits analysis , namely techniques for analysis of:
OA1: Resistive Circuits
OA1: Reactive Circuits
OA1: OpAmp Circuits

CP1:Resistive Networks
CP1.1: Introduction to electrical networks
CP1.2: Electric Circuits Variables
CP1.3: Resistive Elements
CP1.4: Kirchhoff's Laws
CP1.5: Circuit Theorems (Superposition, theorem of Thévenin-Norton, Maximum-power transfer)

CP2:Reactive Networks
CP2.1: Reactive Elements (Capacitator, Inductor, series and parallel connections, transformer)
CP2.2: First order circuits
CP2.3: Second order circuits (parallel and serier RLC)
CP2.4: Sinusoidal Steady-state analysis (Impedance, complex representation, examples, AC power analysis, power factor compensation)
CP2.5: Network Functions (Laplace transform, frequency response, Bode diagrams)

CP3: Operational Amplifier
CP3.1: Ideal OpAmp
CP3.2: Basic OpAmp circuits (Noninverting amplifier, inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, integrator)
CP3.3: Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits (comparators)
CP3.4: Non ideal OpAmp characteristics

- 3 laboratory assignments with a total weight of 30%. Attendance is mandatory, otherwise, the student will get a grade of 0 in the respective assignment.
- 1 written exam (minimum mark - 8) with a weight of 70%.
Minimum final mark for being approved is 9.5.The maximum possible final grade for a student with a mark on the exam below 9.5 is 10.
Presence in the classes is not mandatory.
Classroom participation can contribute with a weight up to 20% in the final grade (50% for the exam).

With this curricular unit the student should be able to:
1. Know the evolution of analog electronics from its beginning to the present including theoretical and practical aspects;
2. Know the basic devices of analog electronics also having capacities in the interpretation of the operation of the electronic devices studied as well as the main types of applications that imply the use of these devices;
3. Develop circuits with specific function using analog type electronic devices;
4. Carry out the project activity linked to the use of electronic devices in circuits and electronic systems with different functionalities;
5. Know how to measure the characteristics of circuits and systems including the detection of malfunctions

- Semiconductors: PN Junction: Diodes, Characteristics, Special Diodes; Circuits with diodes and applications;
- Transistors: the bipolar junction transistor (TJB), characteristics; circuits with TJBs; the field effect transistor (FET): characteristics; circuits with FETs, MOS transistors, applications.
- Operational amplifiers (AMPOPs): characteristics, systems and applications.
- Oscillators: ring, relaxation, crystal. Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). Dividers of frequency, Phase looked loop (PLLs). Frequency synthesizers.
- Analog Filters: definitions, classification and specification of filters. Passive and active analogue filters: design, implementation, analysis and applications.
- Electronic Circuits for Sensors.
- Application of Electronic Circuits and Systems for telecommunications.

Regular: 40% - Laboratory, 60% Written Test
Extra: 40% laboratory, 60% written test,
Minimum mark for laboratory: 8
Minimum mark for exam: 8
Laboratory frequency 100%, Frequency theoretical classes and practical minimum 50%. Appropriate conditions will be created to recover the missing laboratory classes for the students that can justify the recorded absences.

OA1: identify and distinguish various layered reference models
OA2: identify and describe the main functionalities of each layer of the OSI and TCP/IP reference models
OA3: be able to solve problems and study cases for each of the first three layers of the OSI reference model
OA4: be able to conduct experiments, record and analyze their results and assess the behavior and performance of different technologies
OA5: be able to assess the performance of different technologies using analytic and simulation tools.

CP1. Introduction to computer networks
a. Classification of networks and their technologies
b. Services, protocols and reference models (OSI and TCP/IP)
CP2. Physical layer
a. Physical medium characteristics and impairments
b. Multiplexing and switching
CP3. Data link layer
a. Data link layer core functionalities
b. Error and flow control protocols and their performance
c. The IEEE 802 protocols
d. Interconnection of local area networks (VLANs and STPs)
CP4. Network level
a. Routing and forwarding. Architecture of a router.
b. The IPv4 protocol (packets, routing, fragmentation)
c. Addressing in IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. NAT.
d. Routing algorithms
e. Network interconnection. RIP, OSPF, and BGP routing protocols.
f. Key Internet protocols: ICMP, ARP and DHCP.

There are two modes:
1. Periodic evaluation:
- One written test carried out during the exam season with a minimum mark of 8.0 (in 20) - (45%)
- Eight lab experiments in group - (20%)
- One practical work in a group - (25%)
- Eighth mini-tests online - (10%)
2. Exam evaluation:
The exam has a written part (50%) with a minimum mark of 8 (in 20) and a practical part (50%). The written and practical parts should be done in the same exam season.

1. Analyse guided electromagnetic wave propagation in transmission lines, waveguides and optical fibres using analytical and numerical methods.
2. Understand how the capacity of a communication system is limited by dispersion and attenuation
3. Analyse electromagnetic wave wireless propagation for realistic scenarios
4. Apply numerical and analytical models for antenna analysis.
5. Apply the acquired concepts in the planning of a communication system

1. Transmission lines
2. Pulse propagation in lossy and dispersive transmission lines
3. Rectangular Waveguides
4. Optical fibres
5. Introduction to the design and analysis of antennas
6. Free-space propagation
7. Reflection and dispersion in the ground
8 Diffraction over knife-edge obstruction
9. Atmospheric attenuation
10. Fading
11. Propagation models

This course has only periodic assessment (according to point nº 3 of article 7 of RGSACC) composed by:

1) Practical component (40% weight with a minimum grade of 9.5):
1a) four laboratory experiences (10%+10%+10%+10%) or;
1b) Individual project (40%)
2) Written (60% weight and 9.5 minimum grade or 8 if the student attends more than 75% of classes):
2a) two frequencies (30%+30%) or
2b) Global written test during exams season (60%)

After completing the course, students should
(LO1) be aware of the advantages and challenges of using and developing AI based systems and models, in particular search algorithms, knowledge representation and reasoning, approaches for adaptive systems, and machine learning;
(LO2) be capable of identifying the requirements of the systems and models to create;
(LO3) be capable of choosing and the approaches more suited to the LO2 requirements
(LO4) mastering and usage of the approaches presented in the course for system development and world modelling

After completing the course, students should
(LO1) be aware of the advantages and challenges of using and developing AI based systems and models, in particular search algorithms, knowledge representation and reasoning, approaches for adaptive systems, and machine learning;
(LO2) be capable of identifying the requirements of the systems and models to create;
(LO3) be capable of choosing and the approaches more suited to the LO2 requirements
(LO4) mastering and usage of the approaches presented in the course for system development and world modelling

Continuous Evaluation:
- 2 Tests (30% + 40%), minimum grade of 8.5 in each test
- 1 Project (20%)
- 8 classroom exercises (the best 6 will be considered). (10%)

Final evaluation:
- 2 Exams + Special Season, each weighing 100%

The tests and the Exams may have groups of questions with a minimum grade

To access the tests and exam, it is necessary to complete all activities related to the covered topics up to this moment on Moodle.

Students may be required to explicitly enroll in any of the evaluation components

With this UC the student should be able to achieve the following learning goals (LGs):
LG1. Manipulate probabilities, discrete and continuous random variables, including the transformation of one random variable into another;
LG2. Characterize and manipulate random signals, including noise, as well as apply filtering operations.
LG3. Analyze and model the randomness of information signals in communication systems.

CP1. Introduction to Sample Space and Probability
CP2. Random Variables with Applications to Telecommunications and Computer Engineering
CP3. Probability Models with Applications to Telecommunications and Computer Engineering
CP4. Random Signals and Noise with Applications to Telecommunications and Computer Engineering

The assessment can be performed through one of the two following ways:

1) periodic evaluation, which consists of two practice works (realized by groups of a maximum of two students) in MATLAB + two written individual tests. The final mark is given by: 0.15 * Mark of the first practice work + 0.15 * Mark of the second practice work + 0.35 * mark of the first test + 0.35 * mark of the second test.

The first test is in the middle of the semester and the second test is in the first period of exams. The minimum mark of each test to pass is 7.5/20 and the sum of the marks of the two tests should be at least 19 to pass. The minimum mark of each practice work to pass is 7.5/20.

2) final written individual exam which contributes 100% to the final mark. The minimum mark for the final exam to pass is 9.5/20

OA1 - Understand the operation of networks in an integrated manner, identifying and implementing different solutions to support applications and services.
OA2 - Know, distinguish and evaluate different protocols and services available for end-to-end communication and communication between applications over the network.
OA3 - Understand the architecture of the transport network, software defined networks and mobility. Be able to distinguish and evaluate different architectures.
OA4 - Know the different approaches and solutions for multimedia networks and multicast. Be able to distinguish and evaluate different existing techniques for them.
OA5 - Configure different network architectures, identifying and implementing different solutions in an integrated manner. Detect and correct errors in their configuration.

CP1 - Network interconnection. Interconnection and routing in IP networks. NAT. Routing Protocols: OSPF and BGP. Router architecture. IPv6 networks. Mobility: architectures.
CP2 - End-to-end communication. Addressing and multiplexing. UDP and TCP protocols. TCP connection management. Flow control and congestion control.
CP3 - Transport networks. Software defined and configured networks: SDN architecture, OpenFlow, NFV. Mobility: architectures and routing.
CP4 - Network services and applications. Communication models. Protocols definition in ABNF and ASN1. Name services: DNS, etc.; Electronic mail; WWW Architecture. Server infrastructures. Content distribution networks, GSLB.
CP5 - Multimedia Networks. Architectures and addressing. IGMP and multicast. Protocols DVMRP, PIM, MOSPF. Multimedia applications. Architectures for streaming. VoIP. Protocols RTSP, RTP, RTCP, SIP. Scaling and policing. Integrated services. RSVP. Differentiated services.

Summary of the evaluation process.
Periodic Evaluation and 1st Period:
30% - 1st written test (CP1 and CP2), and a 35% - 2nd written test (CP3, CP4, and CP5), with a minimum score of 8 out of 20 in the weighted rounded average of the written tests.
35% - 5 laboratories (with a weight of 9%, 9%, 7%, 5%, 5%, by decreasing order of marks per laboratory) with a minimum score of 8 out of 20 in the weighted rounded average of the laboratories.
or
100% - written test (CP1 to CP5)

Season 2 Evaluation
65% - written test (CP1 to CP5), with a minimum score of 8 out of 20.
35% - 5 laboratories attended during the semester (with a weight of 9%, 9%, 7%, 5%, 5%, by decreasing order of marks per laboratory), with a minimum score of 8 out of 20 in the weighted rounded average of the laboratories.
or
100% - written test (CP1 to CP5)

Special Season Evaluation
100% - written test (CP1 to CP5)

Based on the content of the curricular unit, the student should be able to:
LO1. Understand, design and implement digital signal analysis in the time domain and frequency domain using data acquisition platforms and real-time platforms with DSP.
LO2. Understand how digital filters work and carry out the design and implementation of digital filters.
LO3. Understand and know how to use programming languages and software tools associated with digital signal processing.
LO4. Develop digital signal processing systems based on basic I/O platforms and real-time platforms with DSP.

PC1. Analog and digital signals, real-time platforms stop digital signal processing, advantages and disadvantages of signal processing;
PC2 Digital analog conversion: Sampling, quantization and coding.
PC3 Analog Digital and Digital Analog Converters
PC4 Analysis in the time domain;
PC5 Frequency analysis;
PC6 Hardware and Software for digital signal processing systems: MyDAQ, MyDSP LabVIEW Programming
PC7 Digital filters: filters with finite (FIR) and infinite (IIR) impulsive response - design and implementation;
PC8 Digital signal processing applications: audio processing, spectral analysis.

Periodic evaluation:
Laboratory including a work report (40%) + written test (60%) - 1st period of exams
Minimum score of laboratory: 8
Minimum score of written test 8
Assessment by exam (1st, 2nd and special period of exams):
theoretical components, exercises (80%) + evaluation of laboratory knowledge (20%).

Recommended frequency for periodic evaluation:
Attendance at laboratory classes (100%)*,
A attendance at lectures (50%),
A attendance at lectures and practical (50%).
*Justified absences of laboratory classes will be treated particularly in order to find a way to recover or compensate it. Student workers will take the exam in accordance with the assessment regulations for this category of students.

After having completed this course unit, the student should be able to:
OA1. Apply an engineering process to the production of software;
OA2. Produce software in large groups (>6 developers);
OA3. Apply principles of software engineering such as software requirements analysis, software analysis and design, implementation, testing, code inspection, configuration management, build, delivery and deployment;
OA4. Software product quality assessment and improvement.

CP1 - Software engineering processes
CP2 - Configuration management and build automation
CP3 - Software requirements
CP4 - Software testing
CP5 - Software design
CP6 - Product quality metrics and product improvement
CP7 - Software evolution, delivery and deployment

Periodic Assessment: Practical group project with a weight of 50% (individualized and minimum grade of 9.5 out of 20) and frequency (1º epoch) with a weight of 50% (minimum grade of 9.5 out of 20).

Final exam (100%): 1º epoch, 2ª epoch and special epoch.

With this course the student should be able to:
OA1 - Understand the fundamental concepts regarding analog modulation and apply the acquired knowledge to solve problems with practical application by resorting to mathematical calculation
OA2 - Understand the theory concerning sampling, quantification and coding and apply the acquired knowledge to solve problems with practical application by resorting to mathematical calculation
OA3 - Understand the main techniques regarding baseband digital transmission and apply the acquired knowledge to solve problems with practical application by resorting to mathematical calculation and computation
OA4 - Understand the basics of digital modulation and apply the acquired knowledge to solve problems with practical application by resorting to mathematical calculation and computation
OA5 - Understand the basics on channel coding and apply the acquired knowledge to solve problems with practical application by resorting to mathematical calculation

CP1 - Building blocks and limitations of a transmission system
CP2 - Analog modulation: amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM)
CP3 - Bandpass noise. Analog modulation with noise
CP4 - Sampling theory. Ideal sampling, S&H and Chopper sampling
CP5 - Linear Pulse Code Modulation
CP6 - Digital baseband transmission: Line coding. Power spectral density. Nyquist criterion for baseband transmission
CP7 - Eye pattern. Error probability
CP8 - Digital modulation; Nyquist criterion for bandpass transmission.
CP9 - Error probability in digital modulation
CP10 - Channel coding. Hamming distance. Forward-error correction
CP11 - Linear block codes

There are 2 types of evaluation in the course: Exam evaluation (1.) Periodic evaluation (with 2 evaluation regimes (2.1.) e (2.2.))

1. Exam evaluation - written exam that is focused on all the subjects lectured in the course (in both evaluation periods). Final grade = Exam grade

2.
2.1. Periodic evaluation: Includes 4 labs (experimental) and 2 written tests [Test 1 (midterm/1st evaluation period) e Test 2 (1st evaluation period)]. Final grade=0.2*Labs+0.4*Test 1+0.4*Test 2
- Minimum test grade: 8.0 points; Minimum grade in the average of the 2 tests: 8.0 points

2.2. Periodic evaluation: Includes 4 labs (experimental) e one Final Written Test (FWT) [1st evaluation period] -> Final grade=0.2*labs+0.8*FWT
- Minimum FWT grade: 8.0 points

The periodic evaluation requires that the student: accomplishes a minimum of 70% classes attendance and approval in the labs evaluation component. If the student does not accomplish any of these conditions, the student automatically goes to the Exam evaluation regime.
The attendance rule is not applied to students with proven special status (student-worker, athletes, etc)


Labs: 4 laboratories. Labs final grade: Average of the 3 top-scores in the session labs

Minimum final average grade for both types of evaluation: 9.5 points

Special evaluation season: The evaluation is performed only by a written exam

OA 1 - To give students the capacity to project and to analyze a digital radio relay link, giving special emphasis on the quality of service parameters, link performance, capacity and cost.
OA 2 - To familiarize and give capacity to project other telecommunication systems, namely those using satellites.

CP 1. Introduction to radio relay links
CP 2. Propagation elements considering both plain and spherical Earth
CP 3. Fading; theoretical and empirical models; reflections; diversity; passive and active repeaters
CP 4. Digital links; quality of service and ITU-R related recommendations; project guidelines
CP 5. Implementation of a complete engineering project of a Radio Relay Link from specifications, observing all ITU-R, as well as economic and sustainability recommendations.
CP 6. Basic principles of satellite communications: geostationary orbits, Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP), receiver sensitivity, quality of service and project criteria.

Project evaluation (groups with 1 or 2 students) (60%) + written Test at the end of the semester on a date to be agreed upon with students (40%, [minimum score of 9.5/20])

The Project will be delivered in two phases, the first one somewhere in the middle of the semester and the complete Project at the end, on a date to be agreed with the students.

Note: The realization of the Radio Relay Link project is compulsory.

OA1 - To distinguish, evaluate and implement different available protocols or applications essential for computer network support and management.
OA2 - To know different security methods in computer networks and systems and identify solutions for potential security threats
OA3 - To distinguish, evaluate and implement in an integrated form, with other protocols, different available security techniques.
OA4 - Taking into account concrete network management and security problems, the student should be able to use, in an integrated manner, systems, applications, services and/or tools that solve those problems.

CP1 - Session management and data storage in distributed applications.
CP2 - Overlay ad-hoc networks; Overlay non ad-hoc networks; file access.
CP3 - Network management: architecture; SNMP protocol; monitorization; ASN1; BER encoding.
CP4 - Security: security needs and attacks; encryption and security services; ciphers and authentication with symmetric, asymmetric and hash algorithms; chain of ciphers; key distribution infrastructures and digital certification; digital signatures; integrity; multilayer network security with PAP, CHAP, EAP, RADIUS, IPSec, SSL/TLS, S-HTTP, PGP, DNSSEC; firewalls; BlockChain Authentication. Security at the Application Layer.

A short description of the evaluation method follows:

- Periodic grading and 1st season evaluation:
30% - 1ª written test, with a minimum weighted average of the two written tests of 8/20.
35% - 2ª written test, with a minimum weighted average of the two written tests of 8/20.
35% - 5 laboratories (9%, 9%, 7%, 5%, 5%), with a minimum weighted average of 8/20.
If the student has a temporary incapacity status coinciding with the completion of any laboratory,
up to a maximum of 2 laboratories may have the evaluation replaced by the result of the written test.
or
100% - written test

- 2nd season evaluation:
65% - written test, minimum score of 8/20.
35% - 5 laboratories (9%, 9%, 7%, 5%, 5%), performed during the semester, with a minimum weighted average grade of 8/20.
or
100% - written test

- Special season evaluation.
Only 100% exam, without any labs assessment.

LO1 - Acquiring knowledge on optical fibre transmission
LO2 - To know the main optical components: transmitters, receivers and amplifiers
LO3- To learn basic notions on the planning of point-to-point optical communications systems: single-channel and multi-channel (wavelength division multiplexing)

CP1 - Introduction to Optical Fibre Telecommunication Systems (OFTS)
CP2 - Optical fibres and passive devices
CP3 - Optical transmitters
CP4 - Optical receivers
CP5 - Optical amplifiers
CP6 - Single-channel OFTSs
CP7 - Wavelength division multiplexed OFTSs

The evaluation can be performed following one of these two ways:

1) periodic evaluation consisting of a laboratory component + two written tests (the first test is held in the middle of the semester and the second test is held in the first period of exams). The final mark is given by 0.35 * mark of the laboratory component + 0.325 * mark of the first test + 0.325 * mark of the second test.

The minimum mark of each test to pass is 7.5/20 and the sum of the marks of the tests must be at least 19 to pass. The minimum mark of the laboratory component to pass is 9.5/20.

2) final written exam, contributing with 100% to the final mark. The minimum mark of the final exam to pass is 9.5/20.

LG1- Describe, identify and evaluate the foundations of Cellular Systems
LG2- Identify and evaluate the effects of Mobile Radio Propagation,
LG3- Identify, compare and evaluate the main Multiple-Access Systems for mobile users
LG4- Describe and identify the Mobile Communications Systems of 1st,2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Generation
LG5- Describe and identify the Wireless Information Networks based on IEEE.802.11 standard

CP I - Wireless Information Systems
Introduction to wireless systems.
CP II - Foundations of the planning of Cellular Systems
Introduction to the cellular system concept. Strategies of channel allocation. Types of handover. Types of interference. Capacity increase of cellular systems.
CP III - Mobile Radio Propagation
Average path loss for macro, micro and pico cells. Slow variations of multipath fading. Fast variations of multipath fading.
CP IV - Multiple access methods
FDMA. TDMA. CDMA, short and long signature codes.
CP V - UMTS
UMTS networks. UMTS radio sub-system. Planning of UMTS networks. MBMS and HSPA.
CP VI- LTE
OFDMA for LTE networks. LTE radio sub-system. LTE network. eMBMS.
CP VII - Introduction to WLANs, IEEE802.11 a, b, g. n. ac and ax.
CP VIII - 5G
Introduction to 5G and 5G NR

Periodic Examination: Group with 2 members must perform a simulation of a LTE network with an eMBMS service. Weight 1/3
Frequency Examination. Weight 2/3. Minimum mark 7.5/20
Final Examination: Alternatively Final Examination. Weight 1. Minimum mark 9.5/20