Ciência Política

Freire, André (2006), Esquerda e Direita na Política Europeia. Portugal, Espanha e Grécia em Perspectiva Comparada, Lisboa, Imprensa de Ciências Sociais.

Freire, André (organizador) (2015), O Futuro da Representação Política Democrática, Lisboa, Nova Vega.

Freire, André (2001), Modelos do Comportamento Eleitoral: Uma Breve Introdução Crítica, Oeiras, Celta.

Richard Gunther, José Ramón Montero y Hans-Jürgen Puhle, eds., Democracy, Intermediation, and Voting on Four Continents (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).
Mariano Torcal and José Ramón Montero, eds., Political disaffection in contemporary democracies. Social capital, institutions, and politics (London: Routledge, 2006).
Jan van Deth, José Ramón Montero y Anders Westholm, eds., Citizenship and involvement in European democracies: a comparative analysis (London: Routledge, 2007).

Mandatory readings:

Part I (8 titles)

William L. Miller and Richard G. Niemi, "Voting: choice, conditioning, and constraint", in Lawrence LeDuc, R. G. Niemi and Pippa Norris, eds., Comparing democracies 2. New challenges in the study of elections and voting (London: Sage, 2002), pp. 169-188.

Russell J. Dalton, "Political cleavages, issues, and electoral change", in Lawrence LeDuc, R. G. Niemi y Pippa Norris, eds., Comparing democracies 2. New challenges in the study of elections and voting (London: Sage, 2002), pp. 189-209.

André Blais, "What affects voter turnout?", Annual Review of Political Science 9, 2006, pp. 111-125.

Pedro C. Magalhães, with Paolo Segatti and Tianjian Shi, "Mobilization, informal networks, and the social contexts of turnout", forthcoming in Richard Gunther, Paul A. Beck, P. Magalhães, and Alejandro Moreno, eds., Voting in Old and New Democracies (London: Routledge, 2015), pp 64-98.

Samuel L. Popkin, The reasoning voter. Communication and persuasion in presidential campaigns (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), chapter 1 (pp. 7-21).
Marta Fraile, "Political knowledge and the logic of voting. A comparative study", in José María Maravall and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca, eds., Controlling governments: voters, institutions and accountability (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 131-156; in Spanish, "La influencia del conocimiento político en las decisiones de voto", Revista Espñola de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 2007, pp. 41-74.
Pedro Magalhães, "Disaffected democrats: political attitudes and political action in Portugal", in West European Politics, 28(5), 2005, pp. 973-991; in Portuguese, "Democratas, desafectos e descontentes: as atitudes dos portugueses in relação ao sistema politico", in André Freire, Marina Costa Lobo e P. Magalhães, eds., Portugal a votos. As eleições legislativas de 2002 (Lisbon: Imprensa de Ciencias Sociais, 2004), pp. 333-361.

José Ramón Montero, Richard Gunther y Mariano Torcal, "Attitudes toward democracy in Spain: legitimacy, discontent, and disaffection" (Madrid: Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias Sociales, Estudio/Working Paper 100, 1997); in Spanish, "Actitudes hacia la democracia en España: legitimidad, descontento y desafección", Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 83, 1998, pp. 9-49.

Part II (9 titles)

Benoit, K. and Laver, M. (2006), Party policy in modern democracies, London: Routledge.

Flanagan, S. C. and Lee, A.-R. (2003), 'The new politics, culture wars, and the authoritan-libertarian value change in advanced industrial democracies', Comparative Political Studies 36 (3): 235-71.

Freire, André (2006), "Left-Right Ideological Identities in New Democracies:
Greece, Portugal and Spain in the Western European Context", Pôle Sud - Revue de Science Politique de l'Europe Méridionale, nº 25, II 2006, pp. 153-173.

Freire, André, and Kats Kivistik (2013), «Western and Non-Western Meaning of the left-
right divide across four continents», Journal of Political Ideologies, Vol. 18, Nº 2, pp. 171-199.

Inglehart, Ronald (1987), "Value change in industrial societies", American Political Science Review, 81
(4), pp. 1289-1303 e 1318-1319.

Inglehart, Ronald., e Hans-Dieter Klingemann (1976), "Party identification,
ideological preference and the left-right dimension among western mass publics", in Ian Budge, et al (orgs.) (1976), pp. 243-276.

Knutsen, Oddbjørn (1997), "The partisan and the value-based components of left-right self-placement: a comparative study", International Political Science Review,18: 191-225.

Knutsen, O. and Kumlin, S. (2005), 'Value orientations and party choice', in Thomassen, J. (ed.), The European voter: A comparative study of modern democracies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 125-66.

Lipset, S. M., and Rokkan, S. (1967), 'Cleavage structures, party systems, and voter alignments: an introduction', in Lipset, S. M., and Rokkan, S. (eds), Party systems and voter alignments: Cross-national perspectives, New York, NY: Free Press, pp. 1-64. (A Portuguese version exist un: Lipset, S. M., 1987, Consenso e Conflito, Lisboa, Gradiva)




Complementary readings:

Part I (19 titles maximum)

R. Michael Alvarez, Information and elections (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997).

Eva Anduiza, Anduiza, ¿Individuos o sistemas? Las razones de la abstención en Europa occidental (Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 1999).

Eva Anduiza and Agustí Bosch, Comportamiento político y electoral (Barcelona: Editorial Ariel, 2004).

Larry M. Bartels, "Uninformed Votes: Information Effects in Presidential Elections", American Journal of Political Science, 40, 1996, pp. 194-230.

André Blais, To vote or not to vote: the merits and limits of rational choice (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000).

Angus Campbell, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller y Donald E. Stokes, The American voter (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960).

Russell J. Dalton and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, eds., The Oxford handbook of political behavior (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).

Russell J. Dalton and Martin P. Wattenberg, "The not so simple act of voting", in Ada Finifter, ed., Political Science. The state of the discipline II (Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association, 1993), pp. 193-218.

Anthony Downs, An economic theory of democracy. 1957 (Nueva York: Harper & Row, 1957).

Cees van der Eijk and Mark N. Franklin, Elections and voters (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).

Mark Franklin, Voter turnout and the dynamics of electoral competition in established democracies since 1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell, eds., The politics of electoral systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
Richard Gunther, José Ramón Montero and Juan J. Linz, eds., Political parties: old concepts and new challenges (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002)

Richard Gunther, José Ramón Montero and Joan Botella, Democracy in modern Spain (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004).
Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson and Hazel Gaudet, The people´s choice: how the voter makes up his mind in a presidential election (Nueva York: Columbia University Press, 3ª ed., 1968 [1944]).
José María Maravall and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca, eds., Controlling governments: voters, institutions and accountability (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007)

Adam Przeworski, Susan C. Stokes, and Bertrand Manin, eds., Democracy, Accountability, and Representation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

Articles on Cyprus, Greece, Malta, Portugal and Spain, plus a comparative introduction by the guest editors, Special Issue on the 2014 European Parliament Elections in Southern Europe, edited by Hermann Schmitt and Eftichia Teperoglou.
Jacques Thomassen, ed., The European voter. A comparative study of modern democracies (Oxford: Oxford University Press/ECPR, 2005).


Part II (18 titles maximum)

Bobbio, Norberto (1994, 1995), Direita e Esquerda, Lisboa, Presença.

Flanagan, S. C. (1987), 'Value change in industrial societies', American Political Science Review 81 (4): 1303-19.

Freire, André (2006), "Bringing Social Identities Back In: The Social Anchors of Left-Right Orientation in Western Europe", International Political Science Review, 27 (4), 359-378.

Freire, A. (2008), 'Party polarization and citizens' left-right orientations', Party Politics 14 (2): 189-209.

Freire, André (2015), "Left-Right Ideology as a Dimension of Identification and as a Dimension of Competition", Journal of Political Ideologies, Volume 20, Nº1, pp. 43-68. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2015.991493

Freire, André, and Ana Belchior (2011), "What left and right means to Portuguese citizens", Comparative European Politics, Vol. 9, Nº 2, pp. 145-167.

Freire, A., Lobo, M. C. and Magalhães, P. (2009), 'The clarity of policy alternatives: left-right and the European Parliament vote in 2004', The Journal of European Integration 31 (5): 665¬-83.

Freire, André, and Kats Kivistik (2013), «Mapping and explaining the use of the left-right divide», Brazilian Political Science Review, Vol. 7, Nº 3, pp. 61-89. http://www.bpsr.org.br/index.php/bpsr/article/view/178

Freire, André, & Kivistik, Kats (2016), «Authoritarian legacies and mass left-right regime support in new democracies: The Baltic States and Southern Europe compared», Comparative European Politics,
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/cep.2015.25

Freire, André, and Kats Kivistik (2016), «Regime transition, value conflicts and the left-right divide at the mass level: The Baltic States and Southern Europe compared», Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 49, Nº 4, December (1st online: 5-10-2016; printed version November / December 2016), pp. XX. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967067X1630037X

Gunther, R. and Kuan, H. (2007), 'Value cleavages and partisan conflict', in Gunther, R., Montero, J. R. and Puhle, H.-J., Democracy, intermediation, and voting on four continents, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 255-320.

Gunther, R. and Montero, J.R. (2001), 'The anchors of partisanship: a comparative analysis of voting behaviour in four Southern European countries', in P.N. Diamandouros and R. Gunther (eds), Parties, Politics, and Democracy in New Southern Europe, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 83-152.

Karvonen, Lauri, and Kuhnle, Stein (eds.) (2001), Party Systems and Voter Alignments Revisited, London, Routledge.

Knutsen, O. and Scarbrough, E. (1995), 'Cleavage politics', in Van Deth, J. W. and Scarbrough, E. (eds), The impact of values, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 492-524.

Kriesi, Hanspeter, et al (2008), West European Politics in the Age of Globalization, Cambridge, Cambridge Universtiy Press.

Sani, Giacomo, e José R. Montero (1986), "El espectro político: izquierda, derecha y centro", in Juan Linz e José R. Montero (orgs.), Crisis y Cambio: Electores y Partidos en la España de los Años Ochenta, Madrid, Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, pp. 155-200.

Schmitt, Hermann, and Freire, André (2012), "Ideological Polarisation: Different Worlds in East and West", in David Sanders, Pedro Magalhães, and Gábor Tóka (editors), Citizens and the European Polity: Mass Attitudes Towards the European and National Polities, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp.65-87.

Thomassen, J. (ed.) (2005), The European voter: A comparative study of modern democracies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 1-21, 254-66.

Wessels, B. and Schmitt, H. (2008), 'Meaningful choices, political supply, and institutional effectiveness', Electoral Studies 28: 19-30.

West European Politics, Volume 33, Issue 3 - Special Issue on "The Structure of Political Competition in Western Europe".

I- Grasso, Maria, Marco Giugni and Hank Johnston. 2015. Austerity and Protest: Popular Contention in Times of Economic Crisis. Oxon: Ashgate.
II- Elster, Jon (2004), Closing the Books: Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
III- Mudde, Cas, and Kaltwasser, C. R. (2017). Populismo - Uma brevíssima introdução. Lisboa: Gradiva.

Módulo I
Accornero Guya and Pedro Ramos Pinto. 2015. '"Mild Mannered"? Protest and Mobilisation in Portugal under Austerity, 2010-2013'. West European Politics 38 (3): 491-515.
Blyth, Mark. 2013. Austerity: the history of a dangerous idea. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Campos Lima, Maria da Paz, and Antonio Martin Artiles. 2014. "Descontentamento na Europa em tempos de austeridade: Da ação coletiva à participação individual no protesto social". Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais 103: 137-172.
Katz, Richard. 2015. 'The People and the Experts in European Party Politics', paper presented at the CES Conference in Paris, July 10.
Kriesi, Hanspeter and Takkis Papas. 2015. Populism in the Shadow of the Great Recession, Colchester: ECPR Press.
Special issue 'Financial Crisis, Austerity, and Electoral Politics', 2014. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 24: 2.
Special issue: 'From Indignation to Occupation: A New Wave of Global Mobilization', 2013. Current Sociology 61(4).
Tejerina, Benjamín and Ignacia Perugorría (eds.), From Social to Political. New Forms of Mobilization and Democratization. Bilbao: Argitalpen Zerbitzua;
Torcal, Mariano. 2014. 'The Decline of Political Trust in Spain and Portugal Economic Performance or Political Responsiveness?', American Behavioral Scientist 58(12): 1542-1567.
Torcal, Mariano. 2014. 'The Decline of Political Trust in Spain and Portugal Economic Performance or Political Responsiveness?', American Behavioral Scientist 58(12): 1542-1567.

Módulo II
Buckley-Zistel, Susanne et al (ed.) (2014), Transitional Justice Theories, New York: Routledge
Coppedge, Michael (2012), Democratization and Research Methods, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Haerpfer, ​Christian (2009), Democratization​, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Huntington, Samuel (1991), The Third Wave of Democratization, Norman OK: The University of Oklahoma Press
Kritz, Neil (ed.) (1995), Transitional Justice: how Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes, Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Linz, Juan and Alfred Stepan (2013), "Democratization Theory and the Arab Spring", Journal of Democracy, 24(2), pp.15-30
Linz, Juan and Stepan, Alfred (1996), Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University press.
Mahoney, James and Richard Snyder (1999), "Rethinking agency and structure in the study of regime change", Studies in Comparative Historical Development, 34(3)
Schmitter​, Phillipe and Nadine Sika (2016), "Democratization in the Middle East and North Africa: A More Ambidextrous Process?", Mediterranean Politics, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2016.1220109
Stan, Lavinia e Nadia Nedelski (2013), The Encyclopedia of Transitional Justice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Stan, Lavinia e Nadia Nedelski (2015), Post-Communist Transitional Justice. Lessons from twenty five years of experience, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Módulo III
Aalberg, T., et al. (2017) (eds.). Populist Political Communication in Europe. London: Routledge.
Aslanidis, P. (2016). Is Populism an Ideology? A Refutation and a New Perspective. Politica Studies, 64(1),88-104.
Gidron, N. and Bonikowski, B. (2013). Varieties of Populism: Literature Review and Research Agenda. Working Paper Series, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, No.13-0004. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2459387.
Krämer, B. (2014). Media Populism: A Conceptual Clarification and Some Theses on its Effects. Communication Theory, 24(1), 42-60.
Kriesi, H., and Pappas, T. (2015). European Populism in the
Shadow of the Great Recession. Colchester : ECPR Press.
Mudde, C., and Kaltwasser, C. R. (2013). Exclusionary vs. Inclusionary Populism: Comparing Contemporary Europe and Latin America. Government and Opposition, 48(2), 147-174.
Muller, J.-W. (2017). O que é o populismo? Lisboa: Texto Editores.
Rooduijn, M., and Akkerman, T. (2017).Flank attacks. Populism and left-right radicalism in Western Europe. Party Politics, 23(3),193-204.

Beck, Ulrich (2000), What is Globalization?, Cambridge: Polity Press

Held, David and McGrew, Anthony (eds.) (2003), The Global Transformations Reader, Cambridge: Polity Press

Held, David and McGrew, Anthony (2007), Globalization/Anti-Globalization, Cambridge: Polity Press

Martell, Luke (2010), The Sociology of Globalization, Cambridge: Polity Press

Mazower, Mark (2013), Governing the World: The History of an Idea, 1815 to the Present, New York: Penguin

Scholte, Jan Aart (2005), Globalization, A Critical Introduction, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan

Módulo 1

Scholte,Jan Aart (2008), "Defining globalization", The World Economy, 31(11): 1471-1502

Weiss, Thomas G. (2014), "Rethinking Global Governance? Complexity, Authority, Power, Change", International Studies Quarterly, 58: 207-215


Módulo 2

2.1. Globalização económica: Modos de integração e desigualdade

Antoniades, Andreas (2013), "Recasting the Power Politics of Debt: structural power, hegemonic stabilisers and change", Third World Quarterly, 34 (2): 214-232

Stephen, Matthew D. (2014), "Rising powers, global capitalism and liberal global governance: A historical materialist account of the BRICs challenge", European Journal of International Relations, 20: 912-938

2.2. Globalização política: nacionalismos e Estado-nação

Kaldor, Mary (2004), "Nationalism and Globalisation", Nations and Nationalism 10(1/2): 161-177

Roudometof, Victor (2014), "Nationalism, globalization and glocalization", Thesis Eleven, 122(1): 18-33

2.3. Globalização cultural: imperialismo cultural e hibridez

Appadurai, Arjun (2000), "Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination", Public Culture, 12(1): 1-19

Kraidy, Marwan M. (2002), "Hybridity in Cultural Globalization", Communication Theory, 12(3): 316-339


Módulo 3

3.1. Globalização, sociedade civil global e democracia

Chandhoke, Neera (2005), "How global is global civil society?", Journal of World Systems Research, 11(2): 355-371

Stepan, Alfred and Linz, Juan J. (2013), "Democratization theory and the 'Arab Spring'", Journal of Democracy, 24(2): 15-30

3.2. Rising powers, regional actors and global governance

Gray, Kevin and Murphy, Craig N. (2013), "Introduction: rising powers and the future of global governance", Third World Quarterly, 34(2): 183-193

Kahler, Miles (2013), "Rising powers and global governance: negotiating change in a resilient status quo", International Affairs, 89(3): 711-729


3.3. Direitos humanos e justiça global

Ainley, Kirsten (2015), "The Responsibility to Protect and the International Criminal Court: counteracting the crisis", International Affairs 91(1): 37-54

Chapman, Terrence L. and Chaudoin, Stephen (2013), "Ratification Patterns and the International Criminal Court", International Studies Quarterly, 57: 400-409

3.4. Conflito e intervenções

Keenan, Jeremy (2015), "Postcolonial Imperialism in Africa's Maghreb and Sahel", in Omeje, Kenneth (ed.), The Crises of Postcoloniality in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA: 143-160

Raeymaekers, Timothy, Menkhaus, Ken and Vlassenroot, Koen (2008), "State and non-state regulation in African protracted crises: governance without government?", Afrika Focus, 21(2): 7-21


Módulo 4 - Lutas ideológicas sobre a globalização

4.1 Reacções políticas à globalização e visões concorrentes

Swank, Duane and Betz, Hans-Georg (2003), "Globalization, the welfare state and right-wing populism in Western Europe", Socio-Economic Review, 1(2): 215-245

Benhabib, Seyla (2014), "Defending a cosmopolitanism without illusions. Reply to my critics", Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 17(6): 697-715

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Aguilar, Maria José e & Ander-Egg, Ezequiel, (1995) Avaliação de serviço e programas sociais. 2ª ed. Petrópolis, Vozes.
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Blanchet, A. et. al., (1985), L'entretien dans les Sciences Sociales, Paris, Dunod.
Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb e Joseph M. Williams (2003), The Craft of Research, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre. (1997), "Compreender" in Bourdieu, Pierre (Org.). A miséria do mundo. Petrópolis: Vozes, p. 693-713.
Brady, Henry E. and David Collier (2004), Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools Shared Standards, Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Brannen, Julia (2005), Mixed methods research: a discussion paper, Economic & Social Research Council, National Centre for Research Methods. URL: http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/89/1/MethodsReviewPaperNCRM-005.pdf
Bryman Alan (2007), "Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research" Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1, pp.8-22.
Burgess, Robert, (2001) A pesquisa de terreno, Oeiras, Celta Editora
Capucha, Luís e Paulo Pedroso (1996) (orgs.), Sociologia Problemas e Práticas, nº 22 (Número especial sobre metodologias de avaliação).
Carvalho, Helena (2004), Análise Multivariada de Dados Qualitativos, Lisboa, Sílabo.
Comissão Europeia (1993), Gestão do ciclo de projecto: abordagem integrada e quadro lógico, Métodos e instrumentos para a gestão do ciclo de projecto, n.º 1, Luxemburgo.
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European Institute of Public Administration (2004), Improving an organization through self-assessment? common assessment framework, Maastricht, European Institute of Public Administration
Evera, Stephen van (1997), Guide to Methods of Students of Political Science, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
Field, Andy (2005), Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, London Sage Publications.
Gauthier, Benoît (2003), Investigação Social: da problemática à colheita de dados, Loures, Ed Lusociência.
Ghiglione, Rodolphe e Benjamin Matalon (1992) O Inquérito. Teoria e Prática, Oeiras, Celta Editora.;
Giddens, Anthony (2004),"Métodos de Investigação em Sociologia", em Sociologia (4ª edição, revista e actualizada), Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, pp. 2-19; pp. 641-663.
Jensen, Klaus B. (Org.) (2012) A Handbook of Media and Communication Research. Londres e Nova Iorque: Routledge, 2ª Edição.
Kaufmann, Jean-Claude, (1996), L'entretien compréhensif, Paris, Nathan.
Landman, Todd (2003), Issues and Methods in Comparative Politics. An Introduction, Londres, Routledge.
Maxwell,Joseph A. (2008) Qualitative Research Design: an Interactive Approach, Thousand Oaks, Sage;
McLaughlin, Hugh (2007), Understanding social work research, London, Sage.
Pais, José Machado (2003 [2001]) Ganchos, Tachos e Biscates. Jovens,Trabalho e Futuro, Porto, Âmbar
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Wolff, Jonathan (1996). Introdução à Filosofia Política, Gradiva: Lisboa, Cap.1 (Texto 1)

Backhouse, Roger (2002). The Penguin History of Economics, Penguin Books: London, Caps. 6 e 7 (Texto 2)

Wolff, Jonathan (1996). Introdução à Filosofia Política, Gradiva: Lisboa, Cap.4 (Texto 3)

Bromley, Daniel W. (2006). Sufficient Reason. Volitional Pragmatism and the Meaning of Economic Institutions, Princeton University Press: Princeton e Oxford, Caps. 3, 4 e 5 (Texto 4)

Hayek, F. A. (1960). The Constitution of Liberty, Routledge: London, Caps.1-6 e 9 (Texto 5)

Chang, Ha-Joon (2002). "Breaking the mould: an institutionalist political economy alternative to the neoliberal theory of the market and the state", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 26: 539-559 (Texto 6)

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Keynes, J. Maynard (1967). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, MacMillan: London, Caps. 12, 13 e 24 (Texto 11)

Konzelmann, Suzanne (2014). "The political economics of austerity", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 38: 701-741 (Texto 12)

Dow, Sheila (2012). "Different Approaches to the Financial Crisis", Economic Thought, 1: 80-93 (Texto 13)

Olson, Mancur 1998 (1965). A Lógica da Acção Colectiva. Bens Públicos e Teoria dos Grupos, Celta Editora: Oeiras Caps. 1 e 2 (Texto 14)

Buchanan, J. M. (2004). "Public choice: the origins and development of a research program", In: Richard M. Ebeling, dir., "Economic Theories and Controversies", Hillsdale: Hillsdale College Press, Champions of freedom Vol 31: 13-32 (Texto 15)

Coase, R. H. (2013). "The problem of social cost", The Journal of Law and Economics, 56(4): 837-877. (Texto 16)

Orchard, L., e Stretton, H. (1997). "Public choice", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 21(3): 409-430. (Texto 17)

Fehr, Ernst e Falk, Armin (2002), "Psychological Foundations of Incentives", mimeo, May (Texto 18)

Frohlich, Norman e Oppenheimer, Joe (2003), "Optimal Policies and Socially Oriented Behavior: Some Problematic Effects of an Incentive Compatible Device", Public Choice, 117(3-4): 273-293 (Texto 19)

Gneezy e Rustichini (2000), "A Fine is a Price", Journal of Legal Studies, 29(1): 1-18 (Texto 20)

Kahan, D. M. (2003). "The logic of reciprocity: Trust, collective action, and law". Michigan Law Review, 102(1): 71-103. (Texto 21)

Gneezy, U., & Rustichini, A. (2000). "Pay enough or don't pay at all". The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3): 791-810. (Texto 22)

Rodrigues, J. (2009). "Onde pára o mercado? Movimentos e contramovimentos nas políticas públicas", In: Carmo, R. e Rodrigues, J., coord., Onde Pára o Estado? Políticas Públicas em Tempos de Crise, Lisboa: Edições Nelson de Matos (Texto 23)

Stiglitz, J. (2016) The Euro and its Threat to the Future of Europe, London: Allen Lane [Capítulos 7 e 8] (Texto 24)

Lapavistas, C. et al (2012) Crisis in the Eurozone, London: Verso Books [Parte I] (Texto 25)

Fine, B. (2001) "Neither the Washington nor the post-Washington consensus: an introduction", In: Fine, B. et al, eds., Development policy in the 21st century: beyond the post-Washington consensus. London: Routledge. (Texto 26)

Gore, Charles (2000) "The Rise and Fall of the Washington Consensus", World Development, 28(5):789-804. (Texto 27)

Aurélio, Diogo Pires (organizador) (2009), Representação Política - Textos Clássicos, Lisboa, Livros Horizonte.
Belchior, Ana Maria (2010), Democracia e Representação Partidária: A Elite Parlamentar e os Cidadãos, Lisboa: Imprensa de Ciências Sociais - ICS.
Freire, André (editor) (2011), Eleições e Sistemas Eleitorais no século XX Português: Um Balanço
Histórico e Comparativo, Lisboa, Colibri.
Freire, André (organizador) (2015), O Futuro da Representação Política Democrática, Lisboa, Nova Vega.
Gunther, Richard, & Larry Diamond (2003), «Species of Political Parties. A New Typology», Party Politics, Vol. 9, Nº 2, pp. 167-199.
Martins, Manuel Meirinho (2008), Representação Política. Eleições e Sistemas Eleitorais - Uma Introdução, Lisboa, ISCSP-UTL.
Mair, Peter (2014), On Parties, Party Systems and Democracy - Selected Writings of Peter Mair, Londres, ECPR.
Powell, G. Bingham Jr. (2000), Elections as Instruments of Democracy, New Haven e Londres: Yale University Press

Partes I e II

Mandatory readings:

I - Representação política: conceitos fundamentais, operacionalização e principais resultados
Texto 1:
Valen, H., & Narud, H. M. (2007), 'The conditional party mandate: A model for the study of mass and elite opinion patterns', European Journal of Political Research 46 (3): 293-318.
Texto 2:
Thomassen, J., & Andeweg, R. B. (2004), 'Beyond collective representation: Individual members of parliament and interest representation in the Netherlands', The Journal of Legislative Studies 10 (4): 47-69.
Texto 3:
Dalton, Russell J. (1985), «Political parties and political representation. Party supporters and party elites in nine nations», in Comparative Political Studies, 18, nº3, pp. 267-299.
Texto 4:
Mansbridge, Jane (2003), «Rethinking Representation», American Political Science Review 97(4): 515-28.

II - Sistemas eleitorais e representação política

Texto 5:
Powell, G. Bingham Jr. (2000), Elections as Instruments of Democracy, New Haven e Londres: Yale University Press, (Capítulos 7 e 8 - pp. 159-200).
Texto 6:
Freire, André & Ana Belchior (2013), ""Ideological Representation in Portugal: MPs-Electors Linkages in Terms of Left-Right Placement and Substantive Meaning", Journal of Legislative Studies, 19, No.1 (March 2013). Online version available in December 2012: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13572334.2013.736784
Texto 7:
Audrey, André, André Freire & Zsófia Papp (2014), "Electoral rules and Legislators' Personal Vote-Seeking", in Kris Deschouwer & Sam Depaw (editors), Representing the people. A survey among members of statewide and substate parliaments, Oxford University Press, pp. 87-109.
Texto 8:
Leimbruger. Philipe, Dominique Hangartner & Lucas Leeman (2010), «Comparing Candidates and Citizens in the Ideological Space», Swiss Political Science Review, Volume 16 (3), pp. 499-531.


Parte III

III - Partidos políticos e representação política
Texto 9:
Katz, Richard S., & Peter Mair (1995), "Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy", Party Politics, 1: 1, pp. 5-28.
Texto 10:
Rose, Richard (2014), "Responsible Party Government in a World of Interdependence", West European Politics, 37:2, pp. 253-269.
Texto 11:
Mair, Peter (2003), "Os partidos e a democracia", Análise Social, XXXVIII:167, 277-293.
Texto 12:
Schmitter, Philippe (2001), "Parties are not what they once were", in Larry Diamond e Richard Gunther (orgs.), Political Parties and Democracy, pp. 67-89.

Complementary readings:

I - Representação política: conceitos fundamentais, operacionalização e principais resultados (18 títulos)
Achen, Christopher H. (1978), «Measuring representation», American Journal of Political Science, 22, nº3, pp. 475-510.
APSA - American Political Science Association (1950), «Toward a More Responsible Two-Party System», American Political Science Review, 22, pp. 475-510.
Catroga, Fernando, & P. Tavares de Almeida (orgs.) (2010), Respublica: Cidadania e Representação Política em Portugal, 1820-1926, Lisboa, Assembleia da República - Coleção Parlamento.
Converse, P. & Pierce, R. (1986), Political representation in France, Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Faria, Alessandra Maia Terra de (2010), On the Social and the Political: Theories of Political Representation
Beyond the universal suffrage, Londres, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
Freire, A., & Viegas, J. M. L. (ed.) (2009), Representação Política: O Caso Português em Perspetiva Comparada, Lisboa: Sextante.
Freire, André, Marco Lisi & José Manuel Leite Viegas (organizadores) (2015a), Crise Económica, Políticas de Austeridade e Representação Política, Lisboa, Assembleia da República, Coleção Parlamento.
Freire, André, Marco Lisi & José Manuel Leite Viegas (organizadores) (2015b), Representação e Participação Política na Europa em Crise, Lisboa, Assembleia da República, Coleção Parlamento.
Freire, André, Marco Lisi, Ioannis Andreadis & José Manuel Leite Viegas (2014), Special Issue "Political Representation in times of Bailout: Evidence from Portugal and Greece", South European Society and Politics, Vol. 19, nº 4, pp. 413-559 (6 artigos mais uma introdução dos organizadores). http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fses20/19/4#.VLO08fl_slI
McDonald, M. & Budge, I. (2005) Election, Parties, Democracy, Oxford e Nova Iorque: Oxford University Press.
Esaiasson, Peter, e Holmberg, Sören (1996), Representation from Above. Members of Parliament and Representative Democracy in Sweden, Aldershot, Dartmouth.
Laver, Michael (ed.) (2001), Estimating the Policy Position of Political Actors, London, Routledge.
Manin, Bernard (1995), Principes du Gouvernement Représentatif, Mesnil-sur-l'Estrée, Éditions Calmann-Lévy.
Miller, Warren, e Stokes, Donald (1963), «Constituency influence in Congress», in American Science Review, 57, nº1, pp. 45-56.
Pitkin, Hanna F. (1967), The Concept of Representation, Berkley, Los Angeles e Londres, University of California Press.
Powell, G. B. jr. (2004), 'Political representation in comparative politics', Annual Review of Political Science 7: 273-96.
Roper, Brian S. (2013), The History of Democracy - A Marxist Interpretation, Londres, Pluto Press.
Rosanvallon, Pierre (2006), La Contre-Démocratie. La Politique à L'Age de la Défiance, Paris, Éditions du Seuil.
Rosema, Martin, Bas Denters & Kees Aarts (eds.) (2010), How Democracy Works: Political Representation and Policy Congruence in Modern Societies, Chicago, Chicago University Press.
Urbinati, Nadia (2006), Representative Democracy. Principles and Genealogy, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.



II - Sistemas eleitorais e representação política (15 títulos)
Belchior, Ana (2013), "Explaining Left-Right Party Congruence Across European Party Systems
A Test of Micro-, Meso-, and Macro-Level Models", Comparative Political Studies, 46 (3), 352-386.
Carey, John M. & Matthew S. Shugart (1995) 'Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote:
a Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas', Electoral Studies, 14: 4, 417-39.
Costa, Olivier, André Freire & Jean-Benoit Pilet (2012), Symposium "Political representation in Belgium, France, and Portugal: MPs and their constituents in very different political systems", organizado para a Revista Representation - Journal of Representative Democracy, Volume 48 (4), pp. 351-418. (4 artigos mais introdução dos organizadores) http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rrep20/48/4#.UeKDII1JPpU
Downs, Anthony (1957), An economic theory of democracy, New York, Harper & Row.
Freire, André & Manuel Meirinho (2010), número especial «Sistema
eleitoral e qualidade da democracia», Eleições, 12, DGAI-MAI (ex-STAPE), pp. 1-144.
Gallagher, M., & Mitchell, P. (eds.) (2008), The Politics of Electoral Systems, Oxford University Press.
Golder, Matt, & Stramski, Jacek (2010), "Ideological congruence and electoral institutions: conceptualization and measurement", American Journal of Political Science, 54, pp. 90-106.
Huber, John D., & G. Bingham Powell, Jr. (1994), "Congruence Between Citizens and Policymakers in Two Visions of Liberal Democracy", World Politics, 46 (3), pp. 291-326.
Iversen, T. (1994), «Political Leadership and Representation in West European Democracies: a Test of Three Models of Voting», American Political Science Review, 38: 1, pp. 419-441.
Karvonen, Lauri (2004), "Preferential Voting: Incidence and Effects", International Political Science Review, Vol. 25, 2, pp. 203-226.
Lijphart, A. (2012), Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries, Yale, Yale U. Press, 2012.
Miller, Warren et al. (eds.) (1999), Policy Representation in Western Democracies, Oxford e Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press.
Pereira, Paulo Trigo, & Silva, João Andrade (2009), "Citizens' freedom to choose
representatives: ballot structure, proportionality and fragmented parliaments", Electoral Studies, 28, pp. 101-110.
Rabinowitz, G., & S. Macdonald (1989), «A Directional Theory of Issue Voting», American Political Science Review, 83: 1, pp. 93-121.
Wessels, Bernhard (2007), "Political representation and democracy" in Dalton, Russell J., and Klingemann, Hans-Dieter (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 833-850.

III - Partidos políticos e representação política (20 títulos)
Alonso, Sonia, Keane, John, & Merkel, Wolfgang (organizadores) (2011), The Future of Representative Democracy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Bermeo, Nancy, & Bartels, Larry M. (organizadores) (2014) Mass Politics in Tough Times: Opinions, Votes, and Protest in the Great Recession, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Dalton, Russel J., & Martin P. Wattenberg (orgs.) (2000), Parties Without Partisans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006), Social Movements. An Introduction, Londres, Blackwell.
Duverger, Maurice (1951), Les Partis Politiques, Paris: Libraire Armand Colin.
Crouch, Colin (2004), Post-Democracy, London, Polity Press.
Hermet, Guy, Julien T. Hottinger & Daniel-L. Seiler(orgs.),(1998), Les Partis Politiques en Europe de l'Ouest, Paris,Economica.
Jalali, Carlos (2007), Partidos e Democracia em Portugal 1974-2005, Lisboa, Imprensa de Ciências Sociais.
Katz, Richard S., e William Crotty (orgs.) (2006), Handbook of Party Politics, Londres, Sage.
Lisi, Marco (2011), Os Partidos Políticos Em Portugal: Continuidade e Transformação, Coimbra, Almedina.
Lopes, F. Farelo (2004), Os Partidos Políticos. Modelos e Realidades na Europa Ocidental e em Portugal, Oeiras, Celta.
Lopes, F. Farelo, & Freire, A. (2002); Partidos Políticos e Sistemas Eleitorais. Uma Introdução, Oeiras, Celta.
Mair, Peter (1997), «Party Systems and Structures of Competition», Party System Change,. Approaches and Interpretations, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 199-224.
Mair, Peter (2013), Ruling the Void. The Hollowing of Western Democracy, Londres, Verso Editions.
Mair, Peter, & Cas Mudde, «The Party Family and Its Study«, Annual Review of Political Science, 1998,1,pp.211-229.
Sartori, G. (1976, 1990), "A typology of party systems", in P. Mair (1990), The West European Party System, Oxford, OUP, pp. 316-350.
Schmitter, Philipe, & Trechsel, Alexander H. (editors) (2004), The Future of Democracy in Europe - Trends, Analyses and Reforms, Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing.
Stock, M. José (org.) (2005), Velhos e Novos Actores Políticos. Partidos e Movimentos Sociais, Lisboa, Universidade Aberta.
Teixeira, M. C. Pequito (2009), O Povo Semi Soberano. Partidos Políticos e Recrutamento Parlamentar em Portugal (1990-2003), Coimbra, Almedina.
Ware, Alan (1997), Political Parties and Party Systems, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Artis, M. e Nixson, F. (orgs.) (2007), The Economics of the European Union - Policy and Analysis, 4ª edição, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Marques, A. (2006), A Economia da União Europeia, Coimbra, Almedina.
Marlier, E. e Natali, D. (orgs.) com Van Dam, R. (2010), Europe 2020 - Towards a More Social EU?, Bruxelas, P.I.E. Peter Lang S.A.
Porto, M.C.L. (2017), Teoria da Integração e Políticas da União Europeia - Face aos desafios da globalização, 5ª edição, Coimbra, Almedina.
Rodrigues, M. J. (2009) (org.), Europe, Globalization and the Lisbon Agenda, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
Wallace, H., Pollack, M.A., Young, A.R. (orgs.) (2014), Policy Making in the European Union, 7ª edição, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

El-Agraa, A.M. (org.) (2011), The European Union - Economics and Policies, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 9ª edição.
Baldwin, R. e Wyplosz, C. (2015), The Economics of European Integration, 5ª edição, Berkshire, UK, McGraw-Hill.
Morel, N., Palier, B. e Palme, J. (orgs.) (2012), Towards a Social Investment Welfare State?, Bristol, The Policy Press.
Nello, S.S. (2011), The European Union - Economics, Policies & History, Berkshire, UK, McGraw-Hill, 3ª edição.
Rodrigues, M. J. (org.) (2002), The New Knowledge Economy in Europe - A Strategy for International Competitiveness and Social Cohesion, com a colaboração de R. Boyer, M. Castells, G. Esping-Andersen, R. Lindley, B.Å. Lundvall, L. Soete, M. Telò e M. Tomlinson, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar (edição portuguesa: Para uma Europa da Inovação e do Conhecimento, Celta Editora, 2000).
Rocha, I. (2013), Tratados da União Europeia - Versão consolidada, 2ª edição, Porto, Porto Editora.
Rodrigues, M.J. (2012), Mapping Future Scenarios for the Eurozone, Lisboa, Fundação Friedrich Ebert.
Telò, M. (2009), The European Union and Global Governance, Londres, Routledge.
Wiener, A. e Diez, T. (eds.) (2009), European Integration Theory, 2ª edição, Oxford University Press, Oxford.


DOCUMENTOS OFICIAIS DA UE
Council of the European Union (2010a), Brussels European Council - Presidency Conclusions, Bruxelas, 25-26 de Março.
Council of the European Union (2010b), Brussels European Council - Presidency Conclusions, Bruxelas, 17 de Junho.
EC (2010), EUROPE 2020 - A European strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Communication from the Commission, COM(2010) 2020, Bruxelas, 3 de Março.
EC (2010), EUROPE 2020 - Integrated guidelines for the economic and employment policies of the Member States, Recommendation from the Commission, COM(2010) 488 final, Bruxelas, 27 de Abril.
EC (2010), EUROPE 2020 - Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative - Innovation Union, Communication from the Commission, COM(2010) 546 final, Bruxelas, 6 de Outubro.
EC (2010), An Integrated Industrial Policy for the Globalisation Era - Putting Competitiveness and Sustainability at the Centre Stage, Communication from the Commission, COM(2010) 614 final, Bruxelas, 28 de Outubro.
EC (2010), An Agenda for new skills and jobs: A European contribution towards full employment, Communication from the Commission, COM(2010) 682 final/2, Estrasburgo, 26 de Novembro.
EC (2010), Youth on the Move - An initiative to unleash the potential of young people to achieve smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in the European Union, Communication from the Commission, COM(2010) 477 final, Bruxelas, 15 de Setembro.
EC (2010), A Digital Agenda for Europe, Communication from the Commission, COM(2010) 245, Bruxelas, 19 de Maio.
EC (2010), Energy 2020 - A strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy, Communication from the Commission, COM(2010) 639 final, Bruxelas, 10 de Novembro.
EC (2010), The European Platform against Poverty and Social Exclusion: A European framework for social and territorial cohesion, Communication from the Commission, COM(2010) 758 final, Bruxelas, 16 de Dezembro.

LINKS
European Commission: http://ec.europa.eu/
Europa 2020: http://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/

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Goldin, Ian e Kenneth Reinert (2012), Globalization for Development: Meeting New Challenges, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Rist, Gilbert (2008),The History of Development: From Western Origins to Global Faith, 3rd edition, London: Zed Books.
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Amaro, Rogério Roque (2003), 'Desenvolvimento - um conceito ultrapassado ou em renovação? Da teoria à prática e da prática à teoria', Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, 4: 35-70.
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Considerando a natureza da unidade curricular que se baseia em seminários com conferencistas convidados, a lista de referencias bibliográficas não é rígida. Anualmente, com base nas políticas públicas concretas abordadas nos seminários, será fornecida bibliografia aos alunos. Em baixo refere-se alguma bibliografia que serve de exemplo.

Daly, M. (2012) 'Paradigms in EU Social Policy: A Critical Account of Europe 2020', Transfer, 18(3): 273-284.

Kaufmann, A. and Wagner, P. (2005) 'EU regional policy and the stimulation of innovation', European Planning Studies, 13(4): 581-599

Kluve, J. (2010) 'The effectiveness of European active labor market programs', Labor Economics, 17(6): 904-918

Zeitlin, J. and Vanhercke, B. (2018) 'Socializing the European Semester: EU social and economic policy co-ordination in crisis and beyond', Journal of European Public Policy, 25(2): 149-174.

Bacaria, J., Borràs, S. and Fernandez-Ribas. A. (2002) 'Public action and innovation-support institutions in New Technological Agglomerations', European Urban and Regional Studies, 9(4): 283-296

Eichhorst, W. and Rinne, U. (2018) 'Promoting youth employment in Europe: Evidence-based policy lessons. In: Malo, M. and Mínguez, A. (eds) European Youth Labour Markets: Problems and Policies, Springer, pp. 189-204

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Vandenbroucke, F. and Vleminckx (2011) 'Disappointing poverty trends: is the social investment state to blame?', Journal of European Social Policy, 21(5): 450-471.

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Knutsen, C.H, J. Moller and Skanning, S.E. (2016), ?Going historical: measuring democraticness before the age of mass democracy?, International Political Science Review, 37(5), pp. 679-89.
Kosterina, S. (2016), ?Why vote for a co-opted party? Endogenous Government power increases and control of opposition politicians in authoritarian regimes?, Comparative Politics Studies,
Lindberg, S. (2010), ?What accountability pressures do MPs in Africa face and how do they respond? Evidence from Ghana?, Journal of Modern African Studies, 48(1), pp. 117-42.
Malesky, E., Schuler, P. (2010), Nodding or needling: Analyzing delegate responsiveness in an authoritarian parliament. American Political Science Review, 104, pp. 482-502.
Norris, P. (2016), ?Electoral Integrity in East Asia?, Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 12(1), pp. 1-25.
Opalo, K. (2014), ?The long road to institutionalization: the Kenyan parliament and the 2013 elections?, Journal of Eastern African Elections, 8(1), pp. 63-77
Pinto, A.C. (2016), ?Corporatism and organic representation in European dictatorships', in A.C. Pinto (eds.) Corporatism and Fascism: the corporatist wave in Europe, London: Routledge.
Przeworski, A. (2004), ?Institutions Matter?? Government and Opposition, 39 (4), pp. 527?540.
Sanches, E. (2018), Party systems in young democracies: varieties of institutionalization, London: Routledge.
Schmidt, M. (2005), Political Institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Strom, K., W. Muller and D. M. Smith (2010), ?Parliamentary Control of Coalition Governments?, Annual Review of Political Science, 13, pp.517?535
Svolik, M.W. The Politics of Authoritarian Rule, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tsai, L. (2007), 'Solidarity groups, informal accountability, and local public goods provision in rural China', American Political Science Review, 101(2), pp. 355-72.
Wantchekon, L. (2003), 'Clientelism and voting behavior: Evidence from the field experiment in Benin', World Politics, 55(3), pp. 399-422.

ALTHAUS, Scott L. (2003), Collective Preferences in Democratic Politics. Opinion Surveys and the Will of the People, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
ASHER, Herbert (2012), Polling and the Public. What Every Citizen Should Know, Washington: Congressional Quarterly.
BARTELS, Larry (2008), Unequal Democracy, Princeton e Oxford: PUP.
CLAWSON, Rosalee A., e Zoe M. OXLEY (2016), Public Opinion: Democratic Ideals, Democratic Practice, 2nd Edition. Washington: CQ Press.
DALTON, Russell J. (2013), Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, 6ª ed., Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
MOON, Nick (1999), Opinion Polls, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
PAGE, Benjamin e SHAPIRO, Robert (1992), The Rational Public, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
POPKIN, Samuel (1994), The Reasoning Voter, Londres e Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
ZALLER, John (1992), The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion, Cambridge: CUP.

ALTHAUS, Scott L. (2006), ?False starts, dead ends, and new opportunities in public opinion research?, Critical Review, 18 (1-3), pp.75-104.
AUERBACH, Jonathan, e CASTRONOVO, Russ (eds.) (2013), The Oxford Handbook of Propaganda Studies, Oxford e Nova Iorque: Oxford University Press.
BARBER, Benjamim (1984), Strong Democracy. Participation Politics for a New Age, Barkeley e Londres: University of California Press.
BARTELS, Larry M. (2003), ?Democracy with attitudes?, in M. B. MacKuen e G. Rabinowitz (eds.), Electoral democracy, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
BARTELS, Larry M. (1993), "Messages Received: The Political Impact of Media Exposure", American Political Science Review, 87(2), pp.267-285.
BERINSKY, A. (2012), New Directions in Public Opinion, Nova Iorque e Londres: Routledge.
BISHOP, George F. (2008), "Rational public opinion or its manufacture? Reply to Page", Critical Review, 20(1), pp.141-157.
BUDGE, Ian (1996), The New Challenge of Direct Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press.
CAMPBELL, Angus; CONVERSE, Philip E.; MILLER, Warren E.; e STOKES, Donald E. (1960), The American Voter, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
CONVERSE, Philippe (1964), ?The nature of belief systems in mass publics?, in David E. Apter, ed., Ideology and its Discontents, Nova Iorque: The Free Press of Glencoe.
CRESPI, Irving (1997), The Public Opinion Process, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
ERIKSON, Robert S. (2007), "Does public ignorance matter?", Critical Review, 19(1), pp.23-34.
ERIKSON, Robert S., e TEDIN, Kent L. (2015), American Public Opinion, 9ª. ed., Nova Iorque: Routlegde.
ERIKSON, Robert S, MACKUEN, Michael B., e STIMSON, James A. (2002), The Macro Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ERIKSON, Robert S, WRIGHT, Gerald C., e MCIVER, John P. (1993), Statehouse Democracy. Public Opinion and Policy in the American States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
FISHKIN, James (2000), "Consulting the public through deliberative polling", Journal of Policy Analysis & Management, 22(1), pp.128-133.
FISHKIN, James (1997), The Voice of the People: Public Opinion and Democracy, Yale University Press.
GILENS, Martin (2005), ?Inequality and Democratic Responsiveness?, Public Opinion Quarterly, 69(5), pp.778-796.
GLYNN, Carol; Herbst, Susan; Lindeman, Mark; O'Keefe, Garrett, e Shapiro, Robert (2016), Public Opinion, 3 ed., Oxford: Westview Press.
JACOBS, Lawrence R., e SHAPIRO, Robert Y. (2000), Politicians Don?t Pander: Political Manipulation and the Loss of Democratic Responsiveness, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
JACOBS, Lawrence R, Cook, Fay Lomax, e Carpini, Michael X. delli (2009), Talking Together. Public Deliberation and Political Participation in America, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
JOWELL, Garth S. e O?DONNELL Victoria (2015), Propaganda and Persuasion, 6ª ed., Thousand Oaks: Sage.
KELLY, Nathan J., e ENNS, Peter K. (2010), "Inequality and the Dynamics of Public Opinion: The Self-Reinforcing Link Between Economic Inequality and Mass Preferences", American Journal of Political Science, vol. 54, nº.4, pp.855-870.
HIBBING, John, and Elizabeth THEISS-MORSE.(2002), Stealth Democracy: Americans? Beliefs about How Government Should Work, Nova Iorque: Cambridge University Press.
LAVRAKAS, Paul J. e TRAUGOTT, Michael W. (eds.) (2000), Election Polls, the News Media, and Democracy, New York: Chatham House.
LEWIS, Justin (2001), Constructing Public Opinion, Nova Iorque: Columbia University Press.
LEWIS-BECK, Michael; Jacoby, William G, Norpoth, Helmut, and Weisberg, Herbert (2008), The American Voter Revisited, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
LIPPMANN, Walter (1998 (1922)), Public Opinion, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. (disponível online)
MAGALHÃES, Pedro (2011), Sondagens, Eleições e Opinião Pública, Lisboa: Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos.
McCOMBS, Maxwell (2014), Setting the Agenda: Mass Media and Public Opinion, 2ª ed., Cambridge: Polity Press.
MUTZ, Diana (1998), Impersonal Influence, Cambridge: CUP.
MUTZ, Diana C. (2006), Hearing the Other Side: Deliberative versus Participatory Democracy, New Nova Iorque: Cambridge University Press.
MUTZ, Diana, SNIDERMAN, Paul e BRODY, Richard (eds.) (1996), Political Persuasion and Attitude Change, Michigan: Michigan University Press.
NOELLE-NEUMANN, Elisabeth (1977), "Turbulences in the Climate of Opinion: Methodological Applications of the Spiral of Silence", in The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 41, nº.2, pp.143-158.
NOELLE-NEUMANN, Elisabeth(1993), The Spiral of Silence, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
NORRANDER, Barbara e WILCOX, Clyde (2010), Understanding Public Opinion, Washington: CQ Press.
PAGE, Benjamin I. (2007), "Is public opinion an illusion?", Critical Review, 19(1), pp.35-45.
PAGE, Benjamim, e SHAPIRO, Robert (1983), "Effects of public opinion on policy", American Political Science Review, 77, nº1, pp.175-190.
PRICE, Vicent (2011), "Public opinion research in the new century", Public Opinion Research, vol.78, nº.5, pp.846-853.
SHAPIRO, Robert, e PAGE, Benjamin (1988), "Foreign Policy and the Rational Public", in The Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 32, nº.2, pp. 211-247.
SHAPIRO, Robert e PAGE, Benjamin (1983), "Effects of Public Opinion on Policy", American Political Science Review, vol. 77, no. 1 pp. 175-190.
SNIDERMAN, Paul, BRODY, Richard e TETLOCK, Philip (1991), Reasoning and Choice. Explorations in Political Psychology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
SPLICHAL, Slavko (1999), Public Opinion: Developments and Controversies in the Twentieth Century, Lanham e Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
SPLICHAL, Slavko (2002), Principles of Publicity and Press Freedom, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
STIMSON, James A.; MACKUEN, Michael B., e ERIKSON, Robert S. (1995) "Dynamic Representation", American Political Science Review, 83 (3), pp.543?65.
SOROKA, Stuart e WLEZIEN, Christopher (2010), Degrees of Democracy: Politics, Public Opinion and Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ZALLER, John R. (1998), "Monica Lewinsky's Contribution to Political Science", in Political Science and Politics, vol. 31, nº.2, pp.182-189.
ZALLER, John, e FELDMAN, Stanley (1992), "A simple Theory of the Survey Response: Answering Questions versus Revealing Preferences", in American Journal of Political Science, vol. 36, nº.3, pp.579-616.

Almond, G., Dalton, R., Powell, G.B., e Strom, K. (organizadores) (2006), European Politics Today, New York, Pearson / Longman.

Bale, Tim (2005), European Politics. A Comparative Introduction, London, Palgrave/Macmillan.


Freire, André (organizador) (2012), O Sistema Político Português, séculos XIX-XXI: Continuidades e Ruturas, Coimbra, Almedina, pp. 5-22, 257-300.

Freire, André (editor) (2011), Eleições e Sistemas Eleitorais no século XX Português: Um Balanço Histórico e Comparativo, Lisboa, Colibri.

Freire, A., e Pinto, A.C. (2010), O Poder Presidencial em Portugal ? Os dilemas do poder dos presidentes na República Portuguesa, Lisboa, D. Quixote.

Grossman, E., e Sauger, N. (2007), Introduction aux Systèmes Politiques Nationaux de l?UE, Bruxelles, Editions De Boeck Université.

Lijphart, Arend (1999, 2000), Modelos de democracia. Formas de gobierno y resultados em trinta y seis países, Barcelona, Ariel. (existe original em inglês)

Mandatory readings:

Arter, D. (2006), Democracy in Scandinavia: Consensual, Majoritarian or Mixed?, Manchester, Manchester University Press (caps. 2 e 3).

Almond, G., Dalton, R., Powell, G.B., e Strom, K. (orgs.) (2006), European Politics Today, New York, Pearson / Longman (caps. 8, 10 e 11).

Bale, Tim (2005), European Politics. A Comparative Introduction, London, Palgrave/Macmillan. (cap. 8).

Bartolini, S., Chiaramonte, A., e D'Alimonte, R. (2004), The Italian party system between parties and coalitions. West European Politics, 27(1), 1-19.

Bruneau, T. C., et al (2001), "Democracy, southern European style", in P. Nikiforos Diamandouros e Richard Gunther (orgs.), Parties, Politics, and Democracy in New Southern Europe, Baltimore, The John Hopkin University Press, pp. 16-45.

Finer, S.E. (2004, 1997), História do Governo. Volume III: Impérios, Monarquias e o Estado Moderno, Mem Martins, Publicações Europa América. (pp. 1428-1441 e 1462-1487).

Freire, A., e Pinto, A.C. (2010), O Poder Presidencial em Portugal - Os dilemas do poder dos presidentes na República Portuguesa, Lisboa, D. Quixote.

Horowitz, D. L. (2003), Electoral systems : A primer for decision-makers. Journal of Democracy, 14(4), 115-127.

Lijphart, A. (2012), Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries, Yale, Yale University Press.

Linz, J. J. (1990a), The perils of presidentialism. Journal of Democracy, 1(1), 51-69.

Linz, J. J. (1990b), The virtues of parliamentarism. Journal of Democracy, 1(4), 84-91.

Magalhães, P. (2011), "Elections, parties and policy-making institutions in Democratic Portugal", in A. C. Pinto (org.), Contemporary Portugal, 2nd Edition, Boulder, CUP, pp. 225-247.

Pasquino, G. (2002), Curso de Ciência Política, Cascais, Principia. (caps. 4 e 5).

Pasquino, G. (2005), Sistemas Políticos Comparados, Cascais, Principia. (caps. 1, 4, 6).

White, S., Batt, J., e Lewis, P.G. (orgs) (2003), Developments in Central and East European Politics, London, Palgrave/Macmillan. (caps. 7-10).


Leituras Complementares/Complementary Readings


Alcock, A. (2005), História concisa da Europa. Dos Gregos e Romanos à actualidade, Mem Martins, Europa-América.

Almond, G., Dalton, R., Powell, G.B., e Strom, K. (orgs.) (2006), European Politics Today, New York, Pearson / Longman.

Bale, T. (2005), European Politics. A Comparative Introduction, London, Palgrave/Macmillan.

Ceausescu, G. (2004), Nascimento e formação da Europa, Lisboa, Fim de Século.

Cheibub, J.A., e Limongi, F. (2002). Democratic institutions and regime survival: Parliamentary and Presidential Democracies Reconsidered. Annual Review of Political Science, 5, 151-179.

Colomer, J. (editor) (1996), Political Institutions in Europe, London, Routledge.

Costa Pinto, A. (2011). Contemporary Portugal, 2nd Edition, Boulder, CUP.

Costa Pinto, A. (2013). A Qualidade da Democracia em Portugal: A Visão dos Cidadãos. Lisboa, ICS.

Diamandouros, N., e Gunther, R. (orgs.) (2001), Parties, Politics, and Democracy in New Southern Europe, Baltimore, The John Hopkin University Press.

Easton, D. (1992, 1965), "Categorías para el análisis sistémico de la política", in AA.VV. (compilação e organização de Albert Batlle), Diez Textos Básicos de Ciencia Política, Barcelona, Ariel, pp. 221-230.

Freire, A. (2006), Esquerda e Direita na Política Europeia. Portugal, Espanha e Grécia em Perspectiva Comparada, Lisboa, Imprensa de Ciências Sociais.

Freire, André (editor) (2011), Eleições e Sistemas Eleitorais no século XX Português: Um Balanço Histórico e Comparativo, Lisboa, Colibri.

Freire, André (organizador) (2012), O Sistema Político Português, séculos XIX-XXI: Continuidades e Ruturas, Coimbra, Almedina.

Gökay, B. (2001), A Europa de Leste. Do início da Queda à Actualidade, Sintra, Editorial Inquérito.

Grossman, E., e Sauger, N. (2007), Introduction aux Systèmes Politiques Nationaux de l'UE, Bruxelles, Editions De Boeck Université.

Hague, R., e Harrop, M. (2007), Comparative Government and Politics. An Introduction, London, Palgrave.

Jalali, C., e Silva. P. (2009), "A culpa morre sempre solteira? Accountability, qualidade da democracia e governação em Portugal", in M. V. Cabral, M. Costa Lobo e R. G. Feijó (orgs.), Portugal, Uma Democracia em Construção, Lisboa, ICS, pp. 285-308.

Judt, Tony (2006), Pós-guerra. História da Europa desde 1945, Lisboa, Edições 70.

Lane, J.E., e Ersson, S. (1999), Politics and Society in Western Europe, London, Sage.

Landman, T. (2003), "Why, How, and Problems of Comparison", Issues and Methods in Comparative Politics. An Introduction, Londres, Routledge, pp. 1-61.

Lijphart, A. (2008), Thinking about Democracy - Power Sharing and Majority Rule in Theory and Practice, New York, Routledge.

Lijphart, A., e Waisman, C.H. (1996), Institutional Design in New Democracies, Colorado, Westview Press.

Newton, K., e Deth, Jan W. (2007), Foundations of Comparative Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Norris, P. (2004). Electoral Engeneering. Voting Rules and Political Behavior, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

O'Flynn, I., and Russell, D.(2005), Power Sharing. New Challenges for Divided Societies, London, Pluto Press.

Pasquino, G. (2002). Curso de Ciência Política, Cascais, Principia.

Pasquino, G. (2005), Sistemas Políticos Comparados, Cascais, Principia.

Rose, R., e Munro, N. (2003), Elections and Parties in New European Democracies,
Washington DC, CQ Press.

Siaroff, A. (2003). Comparative presidencies: The inadequacy of the presidential, semi-presidential and parliamentary distinction. European Journal of Political Research, 42, 287-312.

Swenden, W. (2006), Federalism and Regionalism in Western Europe
A Comparative and Thematic Analysis, London, Palgrave Macmillan.

Tsebelis, G. (1995), "Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, Multicameralism and Multipartyism", British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 289-325.

White, S., Batt, J., e Lewis, P.G. (organizadores), Developments in Central and East European Politics, London, Palgrave/Macmillan.

Norris, P. (2000). A virtuous circle: Political communications in postindustrial societies. Cambridge: CUP.
Powell, L., and Cowart, J. (2017). Political Campaign Communication: Inside and Out (3rd Edition). Nova Iorque: Routledge.
O'Day, B. J. (2006). Political campaign planning manual, A step by step guide to winning elections. National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. Disponível Online.
Schmitt-Beck, R., & Farrel, D. (2002). Do political campaigns matter? Campaign effects in elections and referendums. London: Routledge.
Vavreck, L. (2009). The message matters. The economy and presidential campaigns. Princeton: PUP.

Cacciotto, M. (2011). Marketing politico: Come vincere le elezioni e governare. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Mazzoleni, G. (2012). La comunicazione politica. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Santana Pereira, J. (2017). Comunicação Política em Campanhas Eleitorais: Contributos teóricos para a análise das legislativas de 2016 em Cabo Verde. In L. Pina, G. Pina and O. Varela (eds.), Estudos em Comemoração do X Aniversário do ISCJS: Dinâmicas Sociológicas, Estado e Direito (pp. 223-260). Praia: ISCJS.
Pina, S. (2018). O uso da internet pelos políticos em campanhas eleitorais : Portugal legislativas 2015. Tese de Doutoramento em Política Comparada. Lisboa: ICS.
Lock, A., & Harris, P. (1996). Political marketing. European Journal of marketing, 30(10/11), 14-24.
Sides, J. (2006). The origins of campaign agendas. British Journal of Political Science, 36, 407-436.
?Jeff? Gulati, G. J., & Williams, C. B. (2010). Congressional candidates' use of YouTube in 2008: Its frequency and rationale. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 7(2-3), 93-109.
Jackson, N. (2006). Banking Online: the use of the Internet by political parties to build relationships with voters. In D. Lilleker, N. Jackson and R. Scullion, (Eds.), The Marketing of Political Parties: Political Marketing at the 2005 British General Election (pp. 156-182). Manchester: MUP.
Swetser, K. D., & Lariscy, R. W. (2008). Candidates make good friends: An analysis of candidates' uses of Facebook. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 2(3), 175-198.
Eveland Jr, W. P., Seo, M., & Marton, K. (2002). Learning from the news in campaign 2000: An experimental comparison of TV news, newspapers, and online news. Media Psychology, 4(4), 353-378.
Fournier, P., Nadeau, R., Blais, A., Gidengil, E., & Nevitte, N. (2004). Time-of-voting decision and susceptibility to campaign effects. Electoral Studies, 23(4), 661-681.
Lisi, M. (2008). Ao serviço do líder: as campanhas eleitorais do Partido Socialista. Análise social, (188), 505-529.
Lisi, M. (2011). A profissionalização das campanhas em Portugal: partidos e candidatos nas eleições legislativas de 2009. Revista de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2, 109-128.
Cintra Torres, E. (2009). Debates presidenciais na televisão: À procura de interesse, avaliação e efeitos. In M. C. Lobo & P. Magalhães (eds.), As eleiçõies legislativas e presidenciais 2005-2006: Campanhas e escolhas eleitorais num regime semipresidencial (pp. 75-104). Lisboa: ICS.
Espírito Santo, P. 2008. Estudos de comunicação política ? Análise de conteúdo da mensagem na campanha e pós-campanha eleitoral nas eleições presidenciais (Caps. 1 e 2). Lisboa: ISCSP.
Jalali, C., & Silva, T. (2011). Everyone Ignores Europe? Party Campaigns and Media Coverage in the 2009 European Parliament Elections. In Maier, M., Stromback, J., & Kaid, L. L. (Eds.) Political communication in European parliamentary elections. Ashgate Publishing.
Martins, M. M. (2009). Competitividade das Eleições e Participação Política (o caso das eleições Autárquicas, 1979-2005) In Maria Antonieta Cruz (org.), Eleições e Sistemas Eleitorais: Perspectivas Históricas e Políticas (pp. 263-292). Porto: Universidade do Porto Editorial.
Freire, A. (2008). Sociedade civil, democracia participativa e poder político: o caso do referendo do aborto, 2007. Lisboa: Fundação Friedrich Ebert.

ALTHAUS, Scott L. (2003), Collective Preferences in Democratic Politics. Opinion Surveys and the Will of the People, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
ASHER, Herbert (2012), Polling and the Public. What Every Citizen Should Know, Washington: Congressional Quarterly.
BARTELS, Larry (2008), Unequal Democracy, Princeton e Oxford: PUP.
CLAWSON, Rosalee A., e Zoe M. OXLEY (2016), Public Opinion: Democratic Ideals, Democratic Practice, 2nd Edition. Washington: CQ Press.
DALTON, Russell J. (2013), Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, 6ª ed., Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
MOON, Nick (1999), Opinion Polls, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
PAGE, Benjamin e SHAPIRO, Robert (1992), The Rational Public, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
POPKIN, Samuel (1994), The Reasoning Voter, Londres e Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
ZALLER, John (1992), The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion, Cambridge: CUP.

ALTHAUS, Scott L. (2006), ?False starts, dead ends, and new opportunities in public opinion research?, Critical Review, 18 (1-3), pp.75-104.
AUERBACH, Jonathan, e CASTRONOVO, Russ (eds.) (2013), The Oxford Handbook of Propaganda Studies, Oxford e Nova Iorque: Oxford University Press.
BARBER, Benjamim (1984), Strong Democracy. Participation Politics for a New Age, Barkeley e Londres: University of California Press.
BARTELS, Larry M. (2003), ?Democracy with attitudes?, in M. B. MacKuen e G. Rabinowitz (eds.), Electoral democracy, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
BARTELS, Larry M. (1993), "Messages Received: The Political Impact of Media Exposure", American Political Science Review, 87(2), pp.267-285.
BERINSKY, A. (2012), New Directions in Public Opinion, Nova Iorque e Londres: Routledge.
BISHOP, George F. (2008), "Rational public opinion or its manufacture? Reply to Page", Critical Review, 20(1), pp.141-157.
BUDGE, Ian (1996), The New Challenge of Direct Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press.
CAMPBELL, Angus; CONVERSE, Philip E.; MILLER, Warren E.; e STOKES, Donald E. (1960), The American Voter, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
CONVERSE, Philippe (1964), ?The nature of belief systems in mass publics?, in David E. Apter, ed., Ideology and its Discontents, Nova Iorque: The Free Press of Glencoe.
CRESPI, Irving (1997), The Public Opinion Process, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
ERIKSON, Robert S. (2007), "Does public ignorance matter?", Critical Review, 19(1), pp.23-34.
ERIKSON, Robert S., e TEDIN, Kent L. (2015), American Public Opinion, 9ª. ed., Nova Iorque: Routlegde.
ERIKSON, Robert S, MACKUEN, Michael B., e STIMSON, James A. (2002), The Macro Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ERIKSON, Robert S, WRIGHT, Gerald C., e MCIVER, John P. (1993), Statehouse Democracy. Public Opinion and Policy in the American States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
FISHKIN, James (2000), "Consulting the public through deliberative polling", Journal of Policy Analysis & Management, 22(1), pp.128-133.
FISHKIN, James (1997), The Voice of the People: Public Opinion and Democracy, Yale University Press.
GILENS, Martin (2005), ?Inequality and Democratic Responsiveness?, Public Opinion Quarterly, 69(5), pp.778-796.
GLYNN, Carol; Herbst, Susan; Lindeman, Mark; O'Keefe, Garrett, e Shapiro, Robert (2016), Public Opinion, 3 ed., Oxford: Westview Press.
JACOBS, Lawrence R., e SHAPIRO, Robert Y. (2000), Politicians Don?t Pander: Political Manipulation and the Loss of Democratic Responsiveness, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
JACOBS, Lawrence R, Cook, Fay Lomax, e Carpini, Michael X. delli (2009), Talking Together. Public Deliberation and Political Participation in America, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
JOWELL, Garth S. e O?DONNELL Victoria (2015), Propaganda and Persuasion, 6ª ed., Thousand Oaks: Sage.
KELLY, Nathan J., e ENNS, Peter K. (2010), "Inequality and the Dynamics of Public Opinion: The Self-Reinforcing Link Between Economic Inequality and Mass Preferences", American Journal of Political Science, vol. 54, nº.4, pp.855-870.
HIBBING, John, and Elizabeth THEISS-MORSE.(2002), Stealth Democracy: Americans? Beliefs about How Government Should Work, Nova Iorque: Cambridge University Press.
LAVRAKAS, Paul J. e TRAUGOTT, Michael W. (eds.) (2000), Election Polls, the News Media, and Democracy, New York: Chatham House.
LEWIS, Justin (2001), Constructing Public Opinion, Nova Iorque: Columbia University Press.
LEWIS-BECK, Michael; Jacoby, William G, Norpoth, Helmut, and Weisberg, Herbert (2008), The American Voter Revisited, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
LIPPMANN, Walter (1998 (1922)), Public Opinion, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. (disponível online)
MAGALHÃES, Pedro (2011), Sondagens, Eleições e Opinião Pública, Lisboa: Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos.
McCOMBS, Maxwell (2014), Setting the Agenda: Mass Media and Public Opinion, 2ª ed., Cambridge: Polity Press.
MUTZ, Diana (1998), Impersonal Influence, Cambridge: CUP.
MUTZ, Diana C. (2006), Hearing the Other Side: Deliberative versus Participatory Democracy, New Nova Iorque: Cambridge University Press.
MUTZ, Diana, SNIDERMAN, Paul e BRODY, Richard (eds.) (1996), Political Persuasion and Attitude Change, Michigan: Michigan University Press.
NOELLE-NEUMANN, Elisabeth (1977), "Turbulences in the Climate of Opinion: Methodological Applications of the Spiral of Silence", in The Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 41, nº.2, pp.143-158.
NOELLE-NEUMANN, Elisabeth(1993), The Spiral of Silence, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
NORRANDER, Barbara e WILCOX, Clyde (2010), Understanding Public Opinion, Washington: CQ Press.
PAGE, Benjamin I. (2007), "Is public opinion an illusion?", Critical Review, 19(1), pp.35-45.
PAGE, Benjamim, e SHAPIRO, Robert (1983), "Effects of public opinion on policy", American Political Science Review, 77, nº1, pp.175-190.
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Baron, R e Kenny D. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological research: Conceptual, Strategic and Statistical Considerations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
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Cohen, J., Cohen P., West S. e Aiken L. (2003). Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation. Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Mahawh: Laurence Erlbaum, 3ª ed.

Hair, J., Black, W. Babin, B. e Anderson, R. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis, 7ª ed., Prentice-Hall International, Inc.

Preacher, K. J. e Hayes, A. F (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models, Behavior Research Methods, 40 (3), 879-891, http://quantpsy.org/pubs/preacher_hayes_2008b.pdf.

Tabachnick, B. e Fidell, L. (2006). Using Multivariate Statistics, USA, Person International Edition, 5ª.

Important links:

Kenny, D. A. (2011). Moderation http://davidakenny.net/cm/moderation.htm
Kenny, D. A. (2012). Mediation, http://davidakenny.net/cm/mediate.htm

Jose, P.E. (2013). ModGraph-I: A programme to compute cell means for the graphical display of moderational analyses: The internet version, Version 3.0. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved [date] from http://pavlov.psyc.vuw.ac.nz/paul-jose/modgraph/

Jose, P. E. (2013) MedGraph-I: A programme to graphically depict mediation among three variables: The internet version, version 3.0. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved [date] from http://pavlov.psyc.vuw.ac.nz/paul-jose/medgraph/

On-line data bases:

The European Social Survey (ESS): http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/.

Bryman, A. e Cramer, D. (2003), Análise de dados em Ciências Sociais, Introdução às Técnicas Utilizando o SPSS para Windows, Oeiras, Celta Editora, 3ª ed.
Maroco, J. (2014). Análise Estatística com o SPSS Statistics, Pero Pinheiro, ReportNumber., 6ed.
Maroco, J. e Bispo, R. (2003). Estatística aplicada às ciências sociais e humanas, Lisboa, Climepsi Editores.

Tabachnick, B. e Fidell, L. (2006). Using Multivariate Statistics, USA, Person International Edition, 5ª ed.

Berger, A. (2010), Media and Communication Research Methods: an Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, Sage.
Deacon, D., Pickering, M., Golding, P., Murdock, G. (2007), Researching Communications: A Practical Guide to Methods in Media and Cultural Analysis, Bloomsbury Publishing.
Hansen, A., Cottle, S., Negrine, R., Newboldm, C. (1998), Mass Communication Research Methods, MacMillan.
Lorio, S. (2003), Qualitative Research into Journalism: Taking it to the Streets, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
Lombard, M., Synder-Duch, J., Bracken, C. C. (2003), “Content analysis in mass communication: assessment and reporting of intercoder reliability”, Human Communication Research, 29, 469-472.
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Riffe, D., Lacy, S., Fico, F. (1998), Analysing media messages: Using quantitative content analysis in research, Erlbaum.
Selby, K., Cowdery, R. (1995), How to study television, Macmillan.

Belo, A., Cardoso, G., Silveira, J. (2011), Telejornais no Início do Século XXI, Colibri.
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Cardoso, G., Amaral, S. (2006), Ficção, Notícias e Entretenimento: As idades da TV em Portugal, OberCom, http://www.obercom.pt/client/?newsId=30&fileName=wr4.pdf.
Cardoso, G., Gomes. M., Neto, P., Santos, S., Calado, V., Amaral, S. (2006), O Jornalismo hoje: uma análise de 14 redacções de TV, Rádio e Jornais, OberCom, http://www.obercom.pt/client/?newsId=29&fileName=rr1.pdf.
Cheta, R., Aboim, S., Cardoso,. G., Espanha, R. (2007), Era uma vez...fábulas, romances, quotidianos: Imagens da vida privada nas telenovelas portuguesas, OberCom, http://www.obercom.pt/client/?newsId=30&fileName=wr_12.pdf.
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Almeida, João Ferreira de, Pinto, José Madureira (1982), A investigação nas ciências sociais, Lisboa, Presença
Baym, N. K. (2005). Introduction: Internet research as it isn?t, is, could be, and should be. The Information Society, 21, 229-239.
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Cardoso, Gustavo, Cheong, Angus, Cole, Jeffrey (eds.) (2009), World Wide Internet: Changing Societies, Economies and Cultures. University of Macau Press, SAR Macau. Disponível Online: http://www.lini-research.org/np4/?newsId=11&fileName=WWI_WIPBook.pdf
Ghiglione, Rodolphe, e Benjamin Matalon (1992), O Inquérito. Teoria e Prática, Oeiras, Celta Editora
Johns., M. D., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.) (2003), Online social research. New York: Peter Lang.
Markham, A. N. e N. K. Baym (Eds.) (2009), Internet inquiry: Conversations about method. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

1. Formas de conhecimento em Ciências Sociais e a pesquisa nas redes e na Internet.

Almeida, João Ferreira de (2007), Velhos e Novos Aspectos da Epistemologia Das Ciências Sociais, Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas, nº 55, pp.11-24

Black, T. R. (1993). Evaluating social science research: an introduction. London, Sage.

Dretske, Fred. Knowledge and the Flow of Information. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1981.

Hine, C. (2006). Virtual methods: Issues in social research on the Internet. Oxford: Berg.

Moses, Jonathan e Knutsen, T. (2007), Ways of Knowing: Competing Methodologies in Social and Political Research, Palgrave Macmillan


2. Desenvolvimento das questões de pesquisa sobre a relação entre a Internet e a Sociedade. Formulação e avaliação crítica dos desafios do desenho da pesquisa em ambientes mediados e virtuais.

Jones, S. (1999). Doing Internet research: Critical issues and methods for examining the Net. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage.

Miller, D. e Neil J. Salkind (2002) Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement, Sage

Ragin, C. C. (1994). Constructing social research : the unity and diversity of method. Thousand Oaks, Calif. ; London, Pine Forge Press.


3. Nova realidade, novos métodos?

Hesse-Biber, S. N. & P. Leavy (Orgs.) (2008), Handbook of emergent methods, Nova Iorque: Guilford Press.

Murthy, D. (2008). An examination of the use of new technologies for social research. Sociology, 42, 837-855.

Travers, M. (2009). New methods, old problems: A skeptical view of innovation in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 9, 161-179.


4. Entrando no terreno virtual: trabalho etnográfico, inquérito por entrevista e ?Focus Groups? na rede.


Baym, N. K. (2009). Question six: What constitutes quality in qualitative Internet research? In, A. N. Markham, N. K. Baym (Eds.), Internet inquiry: Conversations about method (pp. 173-189). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Garcia, A. C., Standlee, A. I., Bechkoff, J., & Cui, Y. (2009). Ethnographic approaches to the Internet and computer-mediated communication. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38, 52-84.

Kazmer, M. M., & Xie, B. (2008). Qualitative interviewing in Internet studies: Playing with the media, playing with the method. Information, Communication & Society, 11, 257-278.

Mann, C., & Stewart, F. (2000). Internet communication and qualitative research: A handbook for researching online. Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage.

Murray, C. D., & Sixsmith, J. (1998). E-mail: A qualitative research medium for interviewing? International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory & Practice, 1(2), 103-121.

Robson, K., Williams, M. (2003). Reengineering focus group methodology for the online environment, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online Social Research (pp. 25-46). New Work: Peter Lang.

Stewart, K., & Williams, M. (2005). Researching online populations: The use of online focus groups for social research. Qualitative Research, 5, 395-416.

Ward, K. J. (1999). Cyber-ethnography and the emergence of the virtually new community. Journal of Information Technology, 14, 95-105.


5. Análise quantitativa online, possibilidades e desafios. Métodos de amostragem e recolha dos dados.

Coomber, R. (1997) 'Using the Internet for Survey Research'
Sociological Research Online, vol. 2, no. 2. Disponível Online: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/2/2/2.html

Sills, Stephen e Song, Chunyan (2002). Innovations in Survey Research: An Application of Web-Based Surveys, Social Science Computer Review, vol. 20 no. 1, pp. 22-30.

Reynolds, R. A., Woods, R., & Baker, J. D. (Orgs.) (2007), Handbook of research on electronic surveys and measurements (pp. 264-268). Hershey, PA: Idea Group.

Schmidt, William C. (1997) World-Wide Web survey research:
Benefits, potential problems, and solutions, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 29 (2), 274-279. Disponível Online: http://www.springerlink.com/content/f5l606k0t4058k47/fulltext.pdf


6. Fiabilidade e validade dos dados obtidos online face às formas de recolha ?offline?.

Best, S. J., & Kruger, B. (2002). New approaches to assessing opinion: The prospects for electronic mail surveys. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14, 73-92.

Couper, M. P., Kapteyn, A.,‫ ‬Schonlau, M., & Winter, J. (2007). Noncoverage and nonresponse in an Internet‫ ‬survey‫.‬ Social Science Research, 36, 131-148.

Dillman, D. A., Phelps, G., Tortora, R., Swift, K., Kohrell, J., Berck, J., & Messer, B. L. (2009). Response rate and measurement differences in mixed-mode surveys using mail, telephone, interactive voice response (IVR) and the Internet. Social Science Research, 38, 1-18.

Truell, A. D., Bartlett, J. E., II, & Alexander, M. W. (2002). Response rate, speed, and completeness: A comparison of Internet-based and mail surveys. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 34, 46-49.


7. O desenho da pesquisa e a utilização de métodos mistos. Fontes de informação e a utilização secundária de dados recolhidos na Internet. As redes globais de investigação e a comparação internacional de dados.

Hakim, C. (1982). Secondary analysis in social research : a guide to data sources and with examples. London, Allen & Unwin.

Hewson, C. (2007). Gathering data on the Internet: Qualitative approaches and possibilities for mixed methods and research. In A. Joinson, K. McKenna, T. Postmes & U. Reips (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Internet psychology (pp. 405-428). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Hewson, C. (2008). Internet-mediated research as an emergent method and its potential role in facilitating mixed methods research. In S. N. Hesse-Biber, & P. Leavy (Eds.), Handbook of emergent methods (pp. 543-570). New York: Guilford Press.

Kelder, Jo-Anne (2005): Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data, Vol 6, No 1. Disponível Online: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/501

Livingstone, Sonia (2003). On the Challenges of Cross-National Comparative Media Research, European Journal of Communication, 18: 477-500.


8. Análise de redes, Webometrics e mapeando a geografia da Internet.

Cheswick, Bill e Burch, Hal (2000), Mapping and Visualizing the internet, In Proceedings of the 2000 USENIX Annual Technical Conference. Disponível Online: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.20.8595&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Scott, John. (2000). Social Network Analysis: A Handbook. 2nd Ed. Newberry Park, CA: Sage.

Thelwall, Mike (2009). Introduction to Webometrics: Quantitative Web Research for the Social Sciences. Morgan & Claypool.

Wellman, Barry e Berkowitz, Stephen D. (1988). Social Structures: A Network Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


9. Princípios éticos na pesquisa social em torno das TICs.

Bruckman, A. S. (2003). Introduction: Opportunities and challenges in methodology and ethics, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online social research (pp. 101-104). New Work: Peter Lang.

Buchanan, E. A. (2000). Ethics, qualitative research and ethnography in virtual space. Journal of Information Ethics, 9, 82-87.

Capurro, R., & Pingel, C. (2002). Ethical issues of online communication research. Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 189-194.

DeLorme, D. E., Zinkhan, G. M., & French, W. (2001). Ethics and the Internet: Issues associated with qualitative research. Journal of Business Ethics, 33, 271-286.

Elgesem, D. (2002). What is special about the ethical issues in online research? Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 195-203.

Ess, C. (2007). Internet research ethics. In A. Joinson, K. McKenna, T. Postmes & U. Reips (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Internet psychology (pp. 487-502). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Eynon, R., Schroeder, R., & Fry, J. (2009). New techniques in online research: Challenges for research ethics. Twenty-First Century Society, 4, 187-199.

Hoser, B., & Nitschke, T. (2010). Questions on ethics for research in the virtually connected world. Social Networks, 32, 180-186.

Johnson, D. G. Computer Ethics. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1994.

Jones, S. (2003). Introduction: Ethics and Internet studies, In M. D. Johns., S. S. Chen., & G. J. Hall (Eds.), Online Social Research (pp. 179-186). New Work: Peter Lang.

Markham, A. N. (2008). The methods, politics, and ethics of representation in online ethnography. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (3rd ed., pp. 247-284). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

McMahon, J. M., & Cohen, R. (2009). Lost in cyberspace: Ethical decision making in the online environment. Ethics and Information Technology, 11, 1-17.

Varnhagen, C. K., Gushta, M., Daniels, J., Peters, T. C., Parmar, N., Law, D., Hirsch, R., Takach, B. S., & Johnson, T. (2005). How informed is online informed consent? Ethics & Behavior, 15, 37-48.

Walther, J. B. (2002). Research ethics in Internet-enabled research: Human subjects issues and methodological myopia. Ethics and Information Technology, 4, 205-216.

-Beaud, Stéphane e Weber, Florence, 2007(1998) Guia para pesquisa de campo. Produzir e analisar dados etnográficos, Rio de Janeiro: Vozes
-Becker, Howard S. 2008(1998) Segredos e truques de pesquisa, Rio de Janeiro: Zahar
-Blundo, Giorgio e Jean-Pierre de Olivier Sardan, 2003 Pratique de la Description, Paris: EHESS
-Burgess, Robert G. 1997(1984) A pesquisa de terreno. Uma introdução. Oeiras: Celta
-Costa, António F.1986, «A pesquisa de terreno em sociologia» in Silva, Augusto S. e Pinto, José M. (ed) Metodologia das Ciências Sociais, Porto: Afrontamento
-Emerson, Robert M. et alii, 1995 Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes, Chicago&London: The University of Chicago Press
-Lofland, John e Lyn H. Lofland, 1995 Analysing Social Settings. A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis, Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company
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Agar, Michael H. 1986 Speaking of Ethnography, Beverly Hills: SAGE
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Becker, Howard S. 1998 Tricks of the Trade: How to Think about Your Research While You're Doing It Chicago: University of Chicago Press
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