Understand the object and purpose of political science;
Know the political institutions;
Understand the main characteristics of political regimes;
Develop analytical and research skills, as well as communication and organization skills.

1. What is politics? What is political science? Why and how do you do political science?
a. Object and objectives
b. Power
c. Historical perspective
d. Subdisciplines
e. Methodologies
f. Interdisciplinarity and intersectionality
g. Communication in political science

2. Challenges in political science
a. Participation in politics
b. Equality and diversity
c. Is democracy in crisis?
d. Climate emergency
e. Digital Governance

1st season
Discussions and work proposed in class (text analysis; presentations; case studies; simulations) – 30%
Mini-tests – 30%
Final work – 40%
Minimum score to pass: 10

2nd season
Final test – 100%
Minimum score to pass: 10

3rd season
Final test – 100%
Minimum score to pass: 10

A. Knowledge and understanding
- Introduction to the main concepts of economic theory
- Knowledge about the relations between Economics and other sciences
B. Application
- Ability to use theoretical knowledge in the analysis of economic problems, bibliographic sources whithin the area, and integration of different perspectives to address real world problems
C. Judgement
- Ability of critical analysis and argumentation
D. Communication
- Ability to engage in team work, envisaging the prossecution of common goals
- Ability to communicate ideas (oral and writing)
E. Learning competences
- Ability to develop individual and collective research
- Ability and motivation to pursue studies at a higher and more specialized level
- Ability and motivation for life-long learning

1. Economic science
2. Economic systems
2.1 Households
2.2 Companies
2.3 Banks
2.4 State
2.5 International relations
2.6 Interdependencies and crises
3. Fundamental concepts and categories of economics
3.1 Goods, services and commodities
3.2 Product, income and expenditure
3.3 Prices, inflation and deflation
3.4 Stocks and flows
3.5. Activity, employment, unemployment
3.6 Balance of payments
3.7 Productivity and competitiveness
3.8. State budget and public debt
3.9. Causality and correlation
4. Market dynamics and institutions
4.1 Labour markets
4.2 Financial markets
4.3 Economic transformation and climate change

Periodic assessment

- Five individual mini-tests, of which only the best four count towards the grade (25%)
- Two individual mini-essays in the classroom (20%)
- Group debates: presentation of a position or discussion of positions presented by other groups (20%)
- Presentation of concepts in class (5%)
- Individual written test (30%)


Note: periodic assessment requires a minimum classification of 8 points in each of the aforementioned assessment elements

Final assessment
- Individual written test (100%)

In this course students must achieve the following learning objetives:
a) To identify the object of Sociology
b) To gain a basic understanding of the sociological perspective, in epistemological, theoretical and methodological terms
c) To identify and analyze fundamental themes of the sociological agenda
d) To be able to research, in an exploratory mode, sociologically relevant empirical information

The object and the method of Sociology
1.1. The sociological perspective: social structure, roles, social integration
1.2. The sociological perspective: social action, conflict, social change
1.3. Common sense and the obstacles to sociological knowledge: sociology as a critical view of society
1.4. Basic elements of sociological theory: the founding fathers
2. The sociological agenda: main themes
2.1. Family and the life cycle
2.2. The education field: institutions and contemporary trends
2.3. Economic life, the labour market and employment
2.4. Social inequalities: a multidimensional approach
2.5. Politics, the State, religion and social movements
2.6. Society and the media
2.7. Globalization, climate change and sustainable development

The evaluation method is designed to measure the extent to which students achieve the established learning objectives. It includes the following compulsory elements:
a) A written test on the first part of the syllabus (25%).
b) A group presentation of the contents of the second part of the syllabus (25%)
c) An individual final research paper with empirical data (40%).
d) Participation in the group debates (10%). Evaluation by final exam: 100%

At the end of this course students should be able to:
LO1. Understand how the idea of limit appears in the resolution of several problems, in particular, the concept of derivative as a special limit and an essential tool to solve problems of rates of change, approximation of functions and optimization.
LO2. Understand the definite integral, basic concept of integral calculus, and its connection to the differential calculus; know the methods of integration, know how to use the integral to, calculate areas between curves or determine the consumer surplus.
LO3. Master the vector and matrix language and use it to solve and classify systems of linear equations; calculate, interpret and apply determinants of square matrices; calculate and interpret eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalize matrices and apply these tools to classify quadratic forms.

P1. Limits and Derivatives
1.1. Limit and Continuity of a Function
1.2. Derivatives and rates of change, the derivative function
1.3.Chain Rule
1.4.Implicit Differentiation
1.5.Linear approximation and differentiation; Taylor polynomials
1.6.Applications of Differentiation: extremes, Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value Theorem, optimization problems

P2. Integrals
2.1 Introduction to integral calculus; primitives
2.2 Integration Techniques
2.3. Definite Integrals, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus and Indefinite Integrals
2.4. applications of integrals: areas, applications to economics

P3. Linear ALOebra
3.1. Systems of linear equations
3.2. Matrices and matrix aLOebra
3.3. Determinants
3.4. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
3.5. Quadratic forms

Approval with classification not less than 10 points (1-20 scale) in one of the following modalities:
- Periodic assessment: 2 mid-term mini-tests (2X15%) (the 1st one in pairs and the 2nd individually) + 1 Python project work (20%) in groups of 3-4 people + autonomous work (10%) + 1 final test (40%); a minimum score of 7 points (1-20 scale) is required in the final test and the average of the 2 mid-term mini-tests;
- Assessment by Exam (100%), in any of the exam periods, with an individual written exam test.

After successfully attending the curricular unit, students should be able to:

OA1. Know the different data formats.
OA2. Know the complete data cycle.
OA3. Know how to perform exploratory data analysis using R.
OA4. Know how to model a set of data.
OA5. Implement a data analysis solution for a given problem.

CP1. Introduction to Data Analysis
CP2. Introduction to R and RStudio
CP3. Knowledge of problems in data analysis with examples
CP4. The complete cycle of data analysis
CP5. Data and data format
CP6. Data preparation
CP7. Odds; Descriptive Statistics and Exploratory Analysis
CP8. Data visualization
CP9. Modeling and different types of machine learning problems
CP10. Model evaluation methods
CP11. Reporting and publishing results

PERIODIC assessment results from: online exercises, without a minimum grade, after each class (20%); two individual tests - a mid-term test and another at the end of the semester (30%); and a group work (maximum of 3 students) in R with preparation of a report and oral presentation (50%).

Students who obtain a final grade above 9.5 are approved.

LO1. Know and be able to apply the economic way of thinking.
LO2. Know the optimal consumer choice and how this choice changes with variations in prices and income.
LO3. Know how to characterize the production function of firms using an economic approach and the different measures of costs.
LO4. Know and understand the main market structures.
LO5. Be able to use and apply the concepts, principles and theoretical models to real world situations and problems.

PC1. PART A: Microeconomics - Neoclassical Market
- Introduction, principles and models
- Market: demand, supply, equilibrium and efficiency
- Elasticities
- Government interventions in markets

PC2. PART B: Consumer Theory
- Utility and Preferences
- Budget constraint and Utility maximization
- Behavioral economics

PC3. PART C: Producer Theory
- Production and Costs
- Production and Profits

PC4. PART D: Market Structures
- Perfect Competition and the Supply Curve
- Monopoly
- Monopolistic competition
- Oligopoly and Introduction to Game Theory

PC5. PART E: Market failures and Failure of markets
- Market failures and the reality
- Externalities, Public Goods and Common access resources
- Failure of markets

Students must choose one of the following assessment methods:

Method A:
- Weekly Quizzes (25%)
- Mid-term test (25%)
- Group work and presentation (25%)
- Final test (25%)
In order to get a positive grade in the course, the mark in each of the four assessments cannot be below 8 values.

Method B: Final Exam (100%)

(a) Acquisition of basic theoretical knowledge about micro and mesociology; (b) acquisition of basic skills for analytical use of the main concepts and propositions of micro and mesociology; (c) acquisition of basic skills for critical discussion of those concepts and propositions.

1. Sociological theory
1.1 Types of social relationships: interaction, groups, systems
1.2 Dimensions of social life: material and cultural
1.3 Modes of explanation: causal and functional
2. Action and interaction
2.1 The concept of social action
2.2 Agents, actors and interaction
2.3 Aggregation processes
3. Rational action and instrumental interaction
3.1 Rationality and interests
3.2 Rationality and beliefs
3.3 Interaction as exchange
4. Interpretive action and symbolic interaction
4.1 Normative interpretation
4.2 Communication interpretation
4.3 Symbolic interactionism
5. Social networks
5.1 The concept of social network
5.2 Networks and social capital
5.3 Networks and trust
6. Social groups
6.1 The concept of social group
6.2 Types and modes of relationship with groups
6.3 Group effects

The periodic assessment consists of three elements: 1) the dynamisation of classes by groups of students, in the format of a text reading seminar (35%); 2) an individual written essay, applying two sociological micro-theories to a real case study (35%); 3) an individual written test (30%). The final mark is the simple average of the marks for the three elements. The minimum mark to be obtained in each assessment element is 8 marks. The final assessment consists of a two-hour final exam, corresponding to the same level of knowledge and skills as the periodic assessment.

The main learning objectives are: 1) Know the fundamentals of the political thought of classical antiquity Greek who came to inform the modern political theory, 2) know the thought of the first Liberal authors, knowing distinguish ideas that share and that differentiate them, 3) Analyze the evolution of liberal thought which accompanies the development of the industrial society, particularly with regard to the relationship between the values of equality and freedom. 4) Analyze the authors who make the critique of capitalism and liberal society

Introduction: definition and distinction of the concepts of philosophy, science and theory. Relations between the theory and the political and social reality.

1. Background classics of modern political theory: Plato and Aristotle.
2. Nicolo Machiavelli: political realism and exercise of power
3. Thomas Hobbes: the logic of fear and the sovereign power
4. John Locke: the natural state and the rights of the individual
5. Montesquieu: moderation policy and separation of powers.
6. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: citizenship and people power.
7. Benjamin Constant: freedom of the olds and freedom the moderns.
8. Edmond Burke: liberal conservatism and tradition
9. Alexis de Tocqueville: equality and freedom in modern democracies.
10. Karl Marx and Friedricht Engels: clsse domination and political order
11. John Stuart Mill: representative Government and political participation
12. Max Weber: power distribution and forms of domination.

Regular Assessment:
1) test on points 1 to 6 of the programme (40% of final grade)
2) test on points 7 to 12 of the programme (40% of final grade)
3) presentation (in groups) and participation in classes - 20% of final grade.
To be approved it is necessary to: attend classes (more than 70%); perform all moments of evaluation; have a weighted average of 9.5 or more.

LO1: Know the main theories, concepts and problematics related to Work, Organizations and Technology;
LO2: Understand the main processes of the digital transition directly related to the world of work and its organizations;
LO3: Analyze the multiple social, economic and political implications of the digital transition;
LO4: Explore cases, strategies and application methods to understand the real impacts of the digital transition on professions, companies and organizations.

S1. Is work different today than in the past? S2. How has theory looked at technology?
S3. What technologies for the future?
S4. What future for work?
S5. How intelligent is artificial intelligence?
S6. Where does precarity begin?
S7. Do platform workers need employment contracts?
S8. Who is to blame when the machine goes wrong?
S9. Are digital technologies changing the relationship between unions and companies?
S10. Does teleworking make people happier?
S11. Portugal and the digital transformation?

"Periodic evaluation:
Making of an Inverted class class. Each Inverted Class represents 20% of the final mark, with a minimum mark of 8. Weekly question and answer which represents 10% of the final mark, with a minimum mark of 8. An individual assignment, spread over 3 assessment periods, with a minimum mark of 8 in each, representing 35% of the final grade. A group assignment, representing a total of 35% (10% group presentation and 25% written assignment), with a minimum mark of 8. The average grade must be equal to or greater than 9.5.

Assessment by exam (First season 1 if the student chooses, Second Season and Special Season): In-person exam (100% of the final grade)."

Learning Outcomes:
LO1. Develop oral communication skills
LO2. Improve body expression
LO3. Master the art of using the vocal apparatus
LO4. Learn performance techniques

Compatibility with the Teaching Method:
The course combines theory and practice, providing students with an immersive experience in the world of public performances with theatrical techniques. The teaching method is interactive and participatory, encouraging students to put into practice the concepts learned through individual and group exercises.

The knowledge acquired involves both theatrical theory and specific oral communication techniques. Participants will learn about the fundamentals of vocal expression, character interpretation and improvisation, adapting these skills to the context of public presentations

S1 - Preparation for presentation (3 hours)
S2 - Non verbal communication (3 hours)
S3 - Introduction to using the vocal apparatus (3 hours)
S4 - Introduction to the term Performance (3 hours)

Modality of continuous assessment:
Practical Presentations (50%): Participants will be assessed based on their public presentations during the course. Criteria such as clarity of communication, vocal and body expression, use of theatrical techniques and performance will be considered. Presentations may be individual or group presentations, depending on the activities proposed.

Exercises and Written Assignments (50%): In addition to the practical presentations, participants may be asked to complete exercises and written assignments related to the content covered in each module. These may include reflections on learned techniques, analysis of case studies, answers to theoretical questions or even the creation of presentation scripts. These activities will help to assess participants' conceptual understanding.

To conclude the curricular unit in the modality of continuous assessment the student must be present in 75% of the classes.
Although not recommended, students may opt for final assessment by written and oral examination (100%).

The student who successfully complete this Curriculum Unit will be able to:
LG*1- Analyse arguments regarding their structure and content;
LG2 - Argue on a issue;
LG3 - identify the deductive validity on propositions;
LG4 - Question arguments, identifying its weaknesses.
* LG: Leaning goal

PC*1 - The importance of critical thinking
PC2 - Argumentative discourse
PC3 - Types of arguments and arguments structure
PC4 - Arguments quality and errors in argumentation.

* PC: Program contents

Lectures, in-class exercises, in-class discussions, readings, case discussions (in smaller groups).
Active participation in the proposed works during class is expected
Continuous evaluation
Homework - 15% (1HW - 5% + 1 HW - 10%)
Attendance / participation - Classe exercices + group debate - 25%
Work Final (60%)
- Exams
Written Work -100%

- To successfully complete the continuous assessment, students must not score less than 7 in any of the assessment components listed;
- In the case of UCs in which the Final Assessment includes an assignment: the awarding of the final assessment may involve a discussion of the final assignment submitted within the previously defined assessment deadlines.

"LO1. Knowledge about the structure, language, ethical and normative procedures for the elaboration of academic texts.
LO2. Skills to use generative algorithms to assist the elaboration of academic work.
LO3. Skills in analysing and scrutinising the independence, relevance and reliability of AI generated data.
LO4. Overall abilities to recognise the ethical and civic implications underlying the access, sharing and use of AI tools in an academic context."

"S1. Introduction to Academic Writing and generative algorithms (3h)
S2. Procedures for planning and constructing argumentative texts with the aid of AI (3h)
S3. Critical analysis of texts produced: identification and referencing of data sources and analysis of their relevance in the ligth of the objectives of the academic work (3h)
S4. Opportunities and risks of AI use: good practice guide for accessing, sharing and using AI tools in an academic context (3h)"

"Modality of continuous assessment:
Class participation: Class participation: assesses students' attendance, involvement and individual contributions to class discussions and activities (20%).
Group work will require students to form groups to revise and edit academic texts between themselves, using generative algorithms. Assessment will be based on the quality of the revisions, edits and feedback provided (40%).
Individual report: with an in-depth reflection on the civic and ethical questions posed by the use of AI tools as an aid to academic writing (40%).
There is a required minimum of 7 values in each component that is graded.

To conclude the curricular unit in the modality of continuous assessment the student must be present in, at least, 75% of the classes.
Although not recommended, students may opt for final assessment by written and oral examination (100%).

In addition to the practical presentations, students will be asked to carry out exercises and written tasks related to the content covered. These may include: reflecting on techniques learnt, analysing case studies, answering theoretical questions or even creating presentation scripts. These activities will help to assess conceptual understanding of the content taught.

Learning Outcomes:
LO1. Develop oral communication skills
LO2. Improve body expression
LO3. Master the art of using the vocal apparatus
LO4. Learn performance techniques

Compatibility with the Teaching Method:
The course combines theory and practice, providing students with an immersive experience in the world of public performances with theatrical techniques. The teaching method is interactive and participatory, encouraging students to put into practice the concepts learned through individual and group exercises.

The knowledge acquired involves both theatrical theory and specific oral communication techniques. Participants will learn about the fundamentals of vocal expression, character interpretation and improvisation, adapting these skills to the context of public presentations

S1 - Preparation for presentation (3 hours)
S2 - Non verbal communication (3 hours)
S3 - Introduction to using the vocal apparatus (3 hours)
S4 - Introduction to the term Performance (3 hours)

Modality of continuous assessment:
Practical Presentations (50%): Participants will be assessed based on their public presentations during the course. Criteria such as clarity of communication, vocal and body expression, use of theatrical techniques and performance will be considered. Presentations may be individual or group presentations, depending on the activities proposed.

Exercises and Written Assignments (50%): In addition to the practical presentations, participants may be asked to complete exercises and written assignments related to the content covered in each module. These may include reflections on learned techniques, analysis of case studies, answers to theoretical questions or even the creation of presentation scripts. These activities will help to assess participants' conceptual understanding.

To conclude the curricular unit in the modality of continuous assessment the student must be present in 75% of the classes.
Although not recommended, students may opt for final assessment by written and oral examination (100%).

The student who successfully complete this Curriculum Unit will be able to:
LG*1- Analyse arguments regarding their structure and content;
LG2 - Argue on a issue;
LG3 - identify the deductive validity on propositions;
LG4 - Question arguments, identifying its weaknesses.
* LG: Leaning goal

PC*1 - The importance of critical thinking
PC2 - Argumentative discourse
PC3 - Types of arguments and arguments structure
PC4 - Arguments quality and errors in argumentation.

* PC: Program contents

Lectures, in-class exercises, in-class discussions, readings, case discussions (in smaller groups).
Active participation in the proposed works during class is expected
Continuous evaluation
Homework - 15% (1HW - 5% + 1 HW - 10%)
Attendance / participation - Classe exercices + group debate - 25%
Work Final (60%)
- Exams
Written Work -100%

- To successfully complete the continuous assessment, students must not score less than 7 in any of the assessment components listed;
- In the case of UCs in which the Final Assessment includes an assignment: the awarding of the final assessment may involve a discussion of the final assignment submitted within the previously defined assessment deadlines.

"LO1. Knowledge about the structure, language, ethical and normative procedures for the elaboration of academic texts.
LO2. Skills to use generative algorithms to assist the elaboration of academic work.
LO3. Skills in analysing and scrutinising the independence, relevance and reliability of AI generated data.
LO4. Overall abilities to recognise the ethical and civic implications underlying the access, sharing and use of AI tools in an academic context."

"S1. Introduction to Academic Writing and generative algorithms (3h)
S2. Procedures for planning and constructing argumentative texts with the aid of AI (3h)
S3. Critical analysis of texts produced: identification and referencing of data sources and analysis of their relevance in the ligth of the objectives of the academic work (3h)
S4. Opportunities and risks of AI use: good practice guide for accessing, sharing and using AI tools in an academic context (3h)"

"Modality of continuous assessment:
Class participation: Class participation: assesses students' attendance, involvement and individual contributions to class discussions and activities (20%).
Group work will require students to form groups to revise and edit academic texts between themselves, using generative algorithms. Assessment will be based on the quality of the revisions, edits and feedback provided (40%).
Individual report: with an in-depth reflection on the civic and ethical questions posed by the use of AI tools as an aid to academic writing (40%).
There is a required minimum of 7 values in each component that is graded.

To conclude the curricular unit in the modality of continuous assessment the student must be present in, at least, 75% of the classes.
Although not recommended, students may opt for final assessment by written and oral examination (100%).

In addition to the practical presentations, students will be asked to carry out exercises and written tasks related to the content covered. These may include: reflecting on techniques learnt, analysing case studies, answering theoretical questions or even creating presentation scripts. These activities will help to assess conceptual understanding of the content taught.

Students should be able to: understand the fundamental concepts of inferential statistics (LO1), calculate the required size for a sample (LO2), estimate and interpret a confidence interval (LO3), apply and interpret statistical tests (LO4), choose the statistical test for each situation (LO5), perform the chosen test in a statistical software (LO6), know how to report statistical results (LO7), create and analyze new variables (LO8).

1. Basic concepts of descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, probabilities and normal distribution (P1)
2. Estimation (P2)
2.1 Confidence intervals for the mean and proportion (P2.2)
2.2 Determining the sample size (P2.3)
3. Hypothesis tests: parametric and non-parametric tests (P3)
3.1 One-sample t-test (P3.1)
3.2 Mann-Whitney t-test for two independent samples (P3.2)
3.3 One-factor ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis (P3.3)
3.4 Chi-squared test of independence (P3.4)
4. Practical applications with statistical software (P4)

The student will be approved with a mark of not less than 10 (scale 1-20) in one of the following ways:
- Periodic assessment: 3 intermediate group assessments (15% each) and 1 individual written test (55%) on the date of the exam;
- Assessment by exam (100%), in either period, with an individual written test.
All assessment elements have a minimum mark of 7.5 (scale 1-20).

By the end of this course unit, the student should be able to:
LO1: Apply fundamental programming concepts.
LO2: Create procedures and functions with parameters.
LO3: Understand the syntax of the Python programming language.
LO4: Develop programming solutions for problems of simple complexity.
LO5: Explain, execute, and debug code fragments developed in Python.
LO6: Interpret the results obtained from the execution of code developed in Python.
LO7: Develop programming projects.

S1. Introduction to Programming: Logical sequence and instructions, Input and output of data, Constants, variables, and data types, Logical, arithmetic, and relational operations, Control structures
S2. Procedures and Functions
S3. References and Parameters
S4. Integrated Development Environments
S5. Syntax of the programming language
S6. Objects and object classes
S7. Lists and Lists of Lists
S8. File Manipulation

The course unit follows a project-based assessment model due to its highly practical nature and does not include a final exam.
Students are evaluated based on the following parameters:
A1: Programming tasks validated by the instructors (10%), with a minimum grade of 9.5 out of 20 in the average of the tasks.
A2: Individual Project with theoretical-practical discussion (40%), with a minimum grade of 8.5 out of 20.
A3: Group Project with theoretical-practical discussion (50%), with a minimum grade of 8.5 out of 20.

LO1. Being able to identify the main macroeconomic variables and knowing the short-run model (IS-LM), understanding the interaction between the variables and the market equilibrium conditions.
LO2. Understanding the dynamics of the labour market, the determination of prices and wages and the implications for the equilibrium of markets in the medium run (IS-LM-PC model).
LO3. Understanding the role of expectations in consumption and investment decisions and the implications for the IS-LM model.
LO4. Knowing the Mundell-Fleming model and being able to analyse and assess the consequences of external shocks to economic activity.
LO5. Understanding the mechanisms and assessing the consequences of fiscal and monetary policy measures that affect the functioning o businesses.

PC1. PART 0/1: Macroeconomics - IS-LM model (short run)
- Introduction and brief history of Macro
- Goods market (IS)
- Financial market (LM)
- IS-LM model

PC2. PART 2: IS-LM-PC model (medium run)
- Labour market
- Phillips curve and inflation
- IS-LM-PC model

PC3. PART 3: Expectations
- Role of expectations in consumption and investment
- IS-LM model with expectations

PC4. PART 4: Open economy
- Open economy and exchange rates
- Goods market in an open economy
- IS-LM model in an open economy

PC5. PART 5: Economic policy
- Fiscal policy
- Monetary policy

Student must choose one of the following assessment methods:

Method A:
- Weekly Quizzes (25%)
- Mid-term test (25%)
- Group work and presentation (25%)
- Final test (25%)
In order to get a positive grade in the course, the mark in each of the four assessments cannot be below 8 values.

Method B: Final Exam (100%)

(a) Acquisition of basic theoretical knowledge about macro and mesociology; (b) acquisition of basic skills for analytical use of the main concepts and propositions of macro and mesociology; (c) acquisition of basic skills for critical discussion of those concepts and propositions.

1. Social structure
1.1 The concept of social structure
1.2 Structure, system and structuring
1.3 The causal effects of structures
2. Material structures
2.1 Morphological structure and differentiation
2.2 Positional structure and inequalities
2.3 Socialization: positions and dispositions
3. Cultural structures
3.1 Regulatory structures: institutions
3.2 Meaning structures: repertoires
3.3 Socialization: the incorporated structure
4. Power and conflict
4.1 interactive power
4.2 Structural power
4.3 The conflict
5. Organizations
5.1 The concept of organization
5.2 Organization and differentiation
5.3 Organization and power
6. Social change
6.1 Change and evolution
6.2 Change and conflict
6.3 Change and Integration

The periodic assessment consists of three works: 1) An individual work on theories of social structure, in the material and cultural domains; 2) An individual work on theories of power and organizations; 3) A group work (with oral presentation) on theories of social change. The final classification is the simple average of the classification of the three works. The final assessment consists of an individual two-hour exam, corresponding to the same level of knowledge and skills of the periodic assessment.

First, this unit seeks to lecture and discuss contemporary literature of political theory, with a special focus on the comparison with other historical periods of political philosophy. Secondly, this unit seeks to explore the relationship between the main schools of thought in political theory and political developments in the real world. Thirdly, this unit seeks to distinguish, explain, and compare the main arguments and concepts of each school of thought. In short, this will provide solid knowledge of contemporary literature and its intense diversity.

1-Hegemony and Rovolution: António Gramsci
2 - The rejection of liberalism and the concept of enemy: Carl Schmitt
3 - School of Frankfurt I: Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer
4- School of Frankfurt II: Herbert Marcuse
5-Iluminism and Liberalism: Isaiah Berlin
6-Justice and Equality I: John Rawls
7-Justice and Equality II: Michael Walzer
8-Conservatism: Michael Oakeshott
9-Religion and Democracy: Charles Taylor
10- Feminism: Judith Butler

1st season (Continuous evaluation)
a) a spoken presentation of one author by a small group of two students (15 minute max) - 25% of final mark),
b) attendance and participation in class - 25% of final mark
c) a written essay (max. 1500 words, excluding references) - 50% of final mark

2nd and 3rd season:
written exam (duration of 2 hours)

At the end of the course unit the learner is expected to have achieved the following learning objectives (LO):
LO1. Specify, estimate and interpret linear regression models;
LO2. Know the main specification problems for different types of data;
LO3. Choose and use the most appropriate econometric models, methods and tests.
LO4. Have autonomy, work with econometric packages and know the main econometric applications for micro or macroeconomic cases.

S1. Linear Regression Model
S1.1 - Introduction and motivation
S1.2 - Assumptions
S1.3 - Interpretation and Inference
S1.4 - Collinearity and Heteroscedasticity
S1.5 - Exercises and applications
S2. Linear Regression with Qualitative Information
S2.1 Dummy variables
S2.2 Interactions with dummy variables
S2.3 Interpretation
S2.4 - Exercises and applications
S3. Linear regression with time series
S3.1 The nature of time series data
S3.2 Examples of time series regressions
S3.3 Trends and seasonality
S3.4 Autocorrelation
S3.5 Dynamically complete models
S3.6 Autoregressive model
S3.7 - Exercises and applications
S4. Introduction to impact assessment.

The approval in the course can be achieved by periodic assessment or final exam.
1. Periodic assessment:
Elements of assessment: group work (40% of the grade); Individual test (60% of the grade).
Criteria for approval: (i) minimum weighted average of 10 points; (ii) minimum mark in each assessment element of 7.5 points
2. Final exam: Individual written test (100% of the grade).

LO1. Understand the main views on the state and markets
LO2. Mobilize theoretical knowledge in the analysis of state intervention in the resolution of concrete problems
LO3. Build your own argumentation
LO4. Work as a team in order to pursue common projects
LO5. Communicate effectively in oral and written form

1. State and markets in economic thought
2. Justifications for state intervention in neoclassical theory
3. Structuralist perspectives
4. (Neo)liberal thinking
5. Institutionalist perspectives
6. Evolutionary perspectives
7. Keynesian and Post-Keynesians perspectives
8. Behavioural economics
9. The State in Portugal: economic policy
10. The state in Portugal: structural policy

Periodic assessment:

- Preparation for and participation in the thematic debate (30%)
- Participation in online forums (30%)
- Individual written test (40%)

Note: the periodic assessment requires a minimum mark of 8 in the three assessment periods mentioned above.

Assessment by Exam:
- Individual written test (100%)

The student who successfully completes this course will be able to:
OA1. Identify correctly the main stages of the evolution of capitalism and democracy;
OA2. Relate the main political transformations with the economic changes - and vice versa
OA3. Identify the main politico-economic ideologies and the context in which they emerged
OA4. Master the main concepts of the course and apply them in oral and written presentations

P0. Capitalism and democracy: definitions and models
P1. The industrial and the French revolutions (1750-1815)
P2. The period of British supremacy (1815-1870)
P3. The globalization of the liberal era (1870-1914)
P4. The period between the two world wars (1914-1945)
P5. The era of growth and decolonisation (1945-1973)
P6. Neoliberal globalisation (1973-...?)
P7. Capitalism and democracy: contradiction or complementarity

Continuous assessment: [i] Individual essay (50%, 0-10 grade), [ii] Individual presentation on the ongoing essay work and respective written document (25%, 0-5 grade), [iii] Participation in classes (25%, 0-5 grade). To be approved, students must obtain a minimum mark in each element of the assessment (2,5 points in elements [i] and [ii], 5 points in element [iii]).

Final evaluation: Individual written test (100%).

1. Develop an understanding of the subject area of Comparative Politics
2. Understand the characteristics of democratic and authoritarian regimes
3. Develop knowledge of the main approaches in comparative politics
4. Develop knowledge of the main institutions and actors
5. Develop detailed knowledge of the Portuguese political system in the European context

1. Method in Comparative Politics
2. Democracy and Authoritarianism
3. Institutions and Actors
- Party System and Electoral System
- Cleavages, Electoral Behavior and Participation
- Presidentialism, Semi-Presidentialism and Parliamentarism
- Governments
4. Portugal and Southern Europe in the European Context

1) Periodic assessment takes place in four moments throughout the semester:
1. Independent work (20%)
2. Written essay in class (25%)
3. Group presentation on topics related to Portugal (25%)
4. Final test (30%)
If any of the grades is below 8, students will have to go exam.

2) Final exam for those who fail the periodic assessment or choose this option (100%).

(a) Acquisition of basic knowledge about the main concepts and theories of the sociology of globalization; (b) acquisition of basic knowledge on the themes of globalization in the contemporary world; (c) development of basic analytical and critical discussion skills of those concepts and theories.

1. Globalization and world-system
1.1 World-system and capitalism
1.2 Uneven development
1.3 Center, periphery and semiperiphery
2. What is globalization?
2.1 Globalization and modernity
2.2 Properties of globalization
2.3 Globalization as a project
3. Economic globalization
3.1 Transnational economic networks
3.2 Transnational companies and national states
3.3 Patterns of change
4. Political globalization
4.1 The diffusion of the nation-state
4.2 Political-military international order
4.3 Global governance
5. Cultural globalization
5.1 Cultural diffusion
5.2 Deterritorialization processes
5.3 Globalization and reflexivity
6. Globalization and development
6.1 Globalization and poverty
6.2 Globalization and inequalities
6.3 Globalization and environment

The periodic assessment consists of three individual essays: 1) on theories of globalization; 2) on the dimensions of globalization; 3) on the relationship between globalization and development. The final grade is the simple average of the classification of the three works, eventually increased by the participation in the classes. The final exam consists of a two hours individual exam, corresponding to the same level of knowledge and skills in question in the periodical assessment.

The student who successfully completes this UC will be able to:
OA1. Know some of the main contributions of the authors discussed in class.
OA2. Relate different authors, concepts and theories
OA3. To master the main concepts and theories discussed and to know how to apply them in oral and written presentation

1. Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776)
2. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (1835)
3. F. List, The National System of Political Economy (1841)
4. J. S. Mill, On Liberty (1859)
5. K. Marx, The Capital (1867)
6. É. Durkheim, The Division of Social Labour (1893)
7. T. Veblen, Theory of the Leisure Class (1899)
8. G. Simmel, The Philosophy of Money (1900)
9. M. Weber, Economy and Society (1922)
10. G. H. Mead, Mind, Self, and Society (1934)

Continuous assessment: Individual essay (60%), Written document for debate preparation: (25%), Presentation and participation in class debates (15%). To be approved, students must obtain a minimum mark of 10 points in each element of the assessment.

Final evaluation: Individual written test (100%).

(a) Acquisition of knowledge about the role of methods in social science research. (b) Acquisition of knowledge and skills in using the main research methods in social sciences. (c) Acquisition of knowledge and skills in combining extensive and intensive methods in social science research.

1. The research process
1.1 Methodological issues
1.2 Methods and techniques
2. Quantitative methods
2.1 Population and sampling
2.2 Survey
2.3 Statistical indicators
3. Qualitative methods
3.1 Interviews and life stories
3.2 Field research and observation
3.3 Analysis of document sources
4. Combined methods and e-research
4.1 Combination of quantitative and qualitative methods
4.2 Use of the internet in social science research

The assessment process has two components: (b) continuous assessment of student participation in discussions and exercises; (b) periodic assessment to be carried out in two tests, one on quantitative methods, the other on qualitative methods.

The student who successfully completes this UC will be able to:
OA1. Identify the main contemporary issues and debates;
OA2. Analyze current issues and debates in a reasoned manner;
OA3. Identify the implications of technological change and digitalization in economic, social, cultural and environmental terms;
OA4. Understand the role and the importance of technology in the challenges of contemporary societies;
OA5. Explore the boundaries between technological knowledge and social science knowledge;
OA6. Develop forms of interdisciplinary learning and critical thinking.

S1. Debates XXI: technological change and contemporary societal challenges.
S2. Digital transition: meaning and implications.
S3. Technology, social change and inequalities.
S4. Environment and transition towards to sustainability.
S5. Globalization, financialisation and development.
S6. Capitalism and democracy.
S7. Migrations and multiculturality.

The periodic assessment process comprises the following elements:
1. Preparation and presentation (class) of a group work on technological change and society (40%).
2. Test (60%).
The final assessment corresponds to 1st and 2nd phase exams (100% of the grade).

The student who successfully completes this UC will be able to:
LO1. Know some of the main contributions of the authors discussed in class.
LO2. Relate different authors, concepts and theories
LO3. To master the main concepts and theories discussed and to know how to apply them in oral and written presentation

1. J. M. Keynes, General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936)
2. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process (1939)
3. J. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942)
4. K. Polanyi, The Great Transformation (1944)
5. F. Hayek, The Road to Serfdom (1944)
6. R.K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure (1949|1968)
7. E. Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1956)
8. Peter L. Berger e Thomas Luckmann (1966)
9. A. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (1970)
10. M. Douglas, How institutions thinks (1986)

Continuous assessment: Individual essay (60%), Written document for debate preparation: (25%), Presentation and participation in class debates (15%). To be approved, students must obtain a minimum mark of 10 points in each element of the assessment.

Final evaluation: Individual written test (100%).

(a) Ability to define the object of a research project. (b) Ability to review the literature. (c) Ability to make the methodological and technical choices necessary to carry out the project. (d) Ability to prepare, present and discuss a research project.

1. Definition
1.1 Problem formulation and goal setting
1.2 Conceptualization, operationalization and observation
1.3 Ethics in social research
2. References
2.1 Bibliographic research
2.2 Literature review
2.3 Reference Searches
3. Methodology
3.1 Sources and data
3.2 Data collection methods and techniques
3.3 Data processing methods and techniques
4. Proposal
4.1 Research projects and projects applied to problem solving
4.2 Project organization and writing
4.3 Presentation and public discussion of the project

The assessment process has two components: (a) assessment of student participation in project discussions (30%); (b) final evaluation of the research project (70%).