Esta tese aborda a avaliac¸ ˜ao de opc¸ ˜oes de estilo Americano, com e sem barreira, em tr ˆes artigos distintos: A. Pricing and Static Hedging of American-style Options under the Jump to Default Extended CEV Model Este artigo avalia (e faz o hedging) de opc¸ ˜oes de estilo Americano atrav´es do static hedge approach (SHP) proposto por Chung and Shih (2009) e estende a literatura em duas direc¸ ˜oes. Primeiramente, o SHP ´e adaptado ao modelo jump to default extended CEV (JDCEV) de Carr and Linetsky (2006), e s˜ao avaliadas opc¸ ˜oes de estilo Americano sem barreira sobre activos com possibilidade de fal ˆ encia. A robustez e a efici ˆencia das soluc¸ ˜oes de avaliac¸ ˜ao propostas, s˜ao comparadas com o optimal stopping approach de Nunes (2009), no ˆambito dos modelos JDCEV e constant elasticity of variance (CEV) de Cox (1975), considerando diferentes valores para o parˆametro de elasticidade. Em segundo lugar, tanto o SHP como o optimal stopping approach s˜ao estendidos para a avaliac¸ ˜ao de opc¸ ˜oes de estilo Americano com um cap. B. General Put-Call Symmetry for American-style Barrier Options Este artigo deriva relac¸ ˜oes de simetria put-call para opc¸ ˜oes de estilo Americano com uma e duas barreiras. Usando a t ´ecnica de mudanc¸a de numer´ ario proposta por Geman et al. (1995) e Schroder (1999) estas simetrias s˜ao derivadas sem impor restric¸ ˜oes pr ´evias sobre o processo estoc´ astico seguido pelo activo subjacente. Os resultados s˜ao testados atrav´es de uma extensa an´ alise num´ erica sob o modelo constant elasticity of variance. C. In-Out Parity Relations and Early Exercise Boundaries for American-style Barrier Options Este artigo deriva novas relac¸ ˜oes de paridade in-out para puts de estilo Americano com uma barreira inferior e calls de estilo Americano com uma barreira superior. Mais importante, ´e proposta uma nova representac¸ ˜ao da fronteira de exerc´ıcio antecipado para opc¸ ˜oes de estilo Americano com dupla barreira knock-out, em termos da fronteira de exerc´ıcio ´optimo de uma opc¸ ˜ao de estilo Americano com uma s´o barreira. Assim sendo, o m´etodo static hedge portfolio ´e estendido para a avaliac¸ ˜ao de opc¸ ˜oes de estilo Americano com dupla barreira knock-out. Os resultados s˜ao testados atrav´es de uma extensa an´ alise num´ erica sob os modelos geometric Brownian motion e constant elasticity of variance.

This thesis addresses the valuation of American-style standard and barrier options in three separate and self-contained papers: A. Pricing and Static Hedging of American-style Options under the Jump to Default Extended CEV Model This paper prices (and hedges) American-style options through the static hedge approach (SHP) proposed by Chung and Shih (2009) and extends the literature in two directions. First, the SHP approach is adapted to the jump to default extended CEV (JDCEV) model of Carr and Linetsky (2006), and plain-vanilla American-style options on defaultable equity are priced. The robustness and efficiency of the proposed pricing solutions are compared with the optimal stopping approach offered by Nunes (2009), under both the JDCEV framework and the nested constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model of Cox (1975), using different elasticity parameter values. Second, both the SHP and the optimal stopping approaches are extended to the valuation of American-style capped options. B. General Put-Call Symmetry for American-style Barrier Options This paper derives put-call symmetries for American-style single and double barrier options. Using the change of numeraire technique proposed by Geman et al. (1995) and Schroder (1999) we are able to derive these symmetries without imposing previous assumptions on the process followed by the underlying asset. Our results are tested through an extensive numerical analysis run under the constant elasticity of variance model. C. In-Out Parity Relations and Early Exercise Boundaries for American-style Barrier Options This paper derives new in-out parity relations for American-style puts with a down barrier and American-style calls with an up barrier. More importantly, we also propose a novel representation for the early exercise boundary of American-style double knock-out options in terms of the simpler optimal stopping boundary for a nested single barrier American-style option. Therefore, we are able to extend the static hedge portfolio approach to the valuation of American-style double barrier knockout options. Our results are tested through an extensive numerical analysis run under the geometric Brownian motion (GBM) and the constant elasticity of variance models.